Words similar to activation
Example sentences for: activation
How can you use “activation” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Because embryonic genome activation of bovine embryos occurs between the 8- to 16-cell stages [ 21], preactivated recipients may not reprogram somatic nuclei.
Indeed, treatment of the macrophages with the proteasome inhibitor MG132, which prevents NF-κB activation [33], abrogated endotoxin-induced activation of resistin expression (data not shown).
Ca ++fluxes indicate additional mechanisms downstream of the receptor, including second messenger activation.
SMAD4 (DPC4) is essential for this TGFβ 1 signaling and transcriptional activation process [ 16 ] . In epithelial cells, TGFβ 1 decreases c-myc, cdc2 and cyclin D1 expression, and it increases the expression of c-jun and c-fos [ 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 ] . Activation of the TGFβ 1 signal pathway in epithelial cells leads to an increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitors p21 WAF1and p15 Ink4band to a release of formerly sequestered p27 KIP [ 24 25 26 ] . It is assumed that the cooperative action of these cell cycle inhibitors results in the growth arrest mentioned above, although p15 Ink4bdoes not seem to be necessary in this regard.
In comparison to the two general alternative mechanisms utilized by known transforming viruses to promote cell-cycle progression, namely, by activating or bypassing endogenous D-type cyclins (herein, referred to as "cyclin D"), it has not been established whether HIV-1 gene products trigger either cyclin D-dependent or cyclin D-independent proliferation in non-lymphoid tissues [ 15 ] . In infected renal epithelium, HIV-1 could disrupt the inhibitory binding of pRb to E2F independent of endogenous cyclin D, analogous to transforming viral mechanisms that bypass and down-regulate endogenous cyclin D, such as SV-40 T antigen binding to pRb [ 16 ] , HHV-8 v -cyclin binding to and activating cyclin-dependent kinase-6 (CDK) [ 17 ] , and activation of cyclin E by EBV-induced c -myc [ 18 ] . Alternatively, HIV-1 could activate cyclin D-dependent proliferation, as exemplified by RSV v -src-mediated signaling [ 19 ] . In most tissues, the selective activation of these cell-cycle pathways is readily discernable.
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