Words similar to activation
Example sentences for: activation
How can you use “activation” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Thus, we determined if SN50 treatment was associated with activation of the ERK1/2 and Caspase 3 pathways, using E15 + 2 control and SN50-treated explants, 1-D Western blot analysis, and antibodies specific to activated (phosphorylated/cleaved) proteins.
Wnt signaling is known to play a critical role in the development of the brain, and the midbrain and cerebellum do not form in animals lacking Wnt-1 [ 23 ] . Furthermore, targeted disruption of the frizzled-4 gene results in cerebellar abnormalities in mice [ 24 ] . Transgene expression from the PrP promoter is extremely low during embryonic development, with high-level postnatal expression largely restricted to neurons and glia of the CNS [ 25 ] . Transgenic mice expressing either wild-type or mutant β-catenin were generated so that a range of pathway activation could be examined.
Bacteria are found in the bile of the gallbladder and bile ducts [ 15 16 ] , the presence of which may have relevance to clinical diseases such as stone formation [ 19 20 21 ] , primary sclerosing cholangitis [ 22 ] , and cholestasis [ 23 24 ] . Direct exposure of sub-epithelial tissue to LPS from gram-negative bacteria causes release of cytokines by resident leukocytes and activation of macrophages [ 25 ] . The biliary fluid of patients with cholangitis has increased concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 suggesting that bacterial infection leads to an increase in cytokines released into the bile [ 26 ] . Adding LPS to the bile of guinea pig gallbladders in vivo led to increased IL-1 concentration in the bile [ 27 ] . What role biliary epithelial cells play in the response to bacteria in bile is not known.
To determine the effect of insulin receptor or IGF-1 receptor activation on GPCR's, cells were treated with insulin or IGF-1.
ets-1, ets-2 and ese-1/esx . Smad7 was of particular interest as it belongs to the inhibitory Smads, which can counteract TGFβ-induced gene activation [ 23 ] . The response of the smad7 gene to TGFβ is unusually rapid [ 24 ] which is believed to stem from the peculiar nature of the Smad7 promoter that contains a "perfect" Smad binding site [ 25 ] . Another inhibitory Smad protein is Smad6.
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