Words similar to activates
Example sentences for: activates
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The mechanism by which the (K395A/3F)Syk molecule activates endogenous Syk is unknown.
Like ethylene, JA rapidly induces ERF1 expression, and treatment with both hormones synergistically activates ERF1 . Induction of ERF1 by both hormones alone or in combination is dependent upon both signaling pathways, and constitutive overexpression of ERF1 rescues the defense-response defects of both ethylene- and JA-insensitive mutants.
These results support the model that autophosphorylation activates MHCK-C.
PH-20 blocks TGF-β1-mediated growth suppression of epithelial cells [ 8 15 ] . Additionally, PH-20 rapidly activates ERK in L929 cells and TGF-β1 reduces the PH-20-induced ERK activation [ 16 ] . In contrast, TGF-β1 synergistically increases PH-20-mediated inhibition of staurosporine apoptosis [ 16 ] . Thus, PH-20 and TGF-β1 are physiological antagonists for only certain cellular responses.
Fas contains a single transmembrane domain and belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/nerve growth factor family [ 8 ] . FasL contains a single transmembrane domain and is also a member of the same TNF family [ 9 ] . A soluble form of FasL has been described, but appears to be less capable of inducing apoptosis, when compared with the bound form [ 10 11 ] . The binding of FasL with Fas initiates receptor oligomerization, which recruits Fas-associated death domain (FADD) [ 12 ] . FADD binds procaspase-8 and permits activation of caspase-8 through self-cleavage [ 13 ] . Caspase-8 activates the effector caspases, which commits the cell to the orderly process of apoptosis [ 14 15 ] . In addition, caspase-8 cleaves Bcl-2-interactive-death-agonist (Bid) [ 16 ] . Truncated Bid localizes to the mitochondria and promotes cytochrome c release; this process also serves as a major apoptotic-signaling pathway for Fas [ 16 17 18 ] . Depending upon the amount of caspase-8 that is activated, the predominant pathway can be either Bid cleavage with subsequent mitochondrial release of cytochrome c or activation of the effector caspase pathway [ 18 ] . Resident cells of the kidney express both Fas and FasL and Fas/FasL signaling is functional in these cells [ 19 20 21 22 23 24 ] . A recent review by Ortiz and associates [ 25 ] noted that the combined literature demonstrating participation of Fas/FasL pathway in renal injury essentially fulfilled Koch's postulates.
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