Words similar to activates
Example sentences for: activates
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The observation that LRP5ΔN activates the Wnt/Wg signaling pathway in a Dsh-independent manner [ 14 ] , and our data with overexpressed LRP6ΔN and LRP6, further support this proposal.
Caspase 1 activates Caspase 3 and appears to promote production of the cytokine IL-1β, which upregulates the transcription of both Caspases 1 and 3, additionally potentiating apoptosis [ 37 38 ] . Thus, this regulatory mechanism of caspase gene expression would likely be diminished in SN50-treated explants were they allowed to develop further in culture.
Fas contains a single transmembrane domain and belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/nerve growth factor family [ 8 ] . FasL contains a single transmembrane domain and is also a member of the same TNF family [ 9 ] . A soluble form of FasL has been described, but appears to be less capable of inducing apoptosis, when compared with the bound form [ 10 11 ] . The binding of FasL with Fas initiates receptor oligomerization, which recruits Fas-associated death domain (FADD) [ 12 ] . FADD binds procaspase-8 and permits activation of caspase-8 through self-cleavage [ 13 ] . Caspase-8 activates the effector caspases, which commits the cell to the orderly process of apoptosis [ 14 15 ] . In addition, caspase-8 cleaves Bcl-2-interactive-death-agonist (Bid) [ 16 ] . Truncated Bid localizes to the mitochondria and promotes cytochrome c release; this process also serves as a major apoptotic-signaling pathway for Fas [ 16 17 18 ] . Depending upon the amount of caspase-8 that is activated, the predominant pathway can be either Bid cleavage with subsequent mitochondrial release of cytochrome c or activation of the effector caspase pathway [ 18 ] . Resident cells of the kidney express both Fas and FasL and Fas/FasL signaling is functional in these cells [ 19 20 21 22 23 24 ] . A recent review by Ortiz and associates [ 25 ] noted that the combined literature demonstrating participation of Fas/FasL pathway in renal injury essentially fulfilled Koch's postulates.
Previous studies have demonstrated that acute endotoxemia activates peripheral blood neutrophils to release prostaglandins [ 17 ] . These lipid mediators are produced during inflammatory reactions largely via the enzyme COX-2 [ 18 ] . We found that COX-2 mRNA was markedly upregulated (40-400 fold) in adherent vascular lung neutrophils following endotoxin treatment of the animals (Fig.
RAS activates a cascade of kinases, including RAF, MAP kinase kinase (MEK) and MAP kinase.
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