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Example sentences for: activates
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Intestinal calcium absorption is increased after feeding a low calcium diet or under conditions of increased calcium needs, such as during growth, via a parathyroid hormone (PTH)-vitamin D mediated process [ 3 ] . A lowering of serum calcium levels stimulates the secretion of PTH that then activates the renal conversion of inactive 25-hydroxyvitamin D to the active hormonal metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. At the intestine, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, acting through a nuclear receptor, stimulates transcription of vitamin D-mediated genes, including calbindin D, involved in calcium transport thereby acting as the primary hormonal regulator of active intestinal calcium transport [ 3 ] . It is thus likely that any putative key molecular player in calcium absorption, such as CaT1 or ECaC1, should be a prime target for hormonal regulation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. However, to date, neither CaT1 nor ECaC1 expression has been shown to be related to serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D or vitamin D status [ 10 16 ] .
Fyn phosphorylates and activates Rlk: A Conserved Tyrosine (Y420) Provides Specificity For Phosphorylation of Rlk By Src Kinases
When co-expressed with human frizzled-5, Wnt-5a can induce a secondary axis in Xenopus [ 10 ] . In other assays, however, Wnt-5a along with rat frizzled 2 (Rfz-2) increases intracellular Ca 2+levels and activates PKC and CamKII [ 4 5 6 ] . The activation of Wnt/Ca 2+signaling by Wnt-5a and Rfz-2 seems to be antagonistic to the canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
In addition, other recent studies have shown that the membrane phospholipid phosohatidylinositol-4,5-bis-phosphate (PIP 2 ) reduces sensitivity of K ATP to ATP, and therefore, activates K ATP [ 32 33 34 ] . To our knowledge, this is the first report of regulation of K ATP activity by phorbol ester in rat β-cells.
The mechanism by which the (K395A/3F)Syk molecule activates endogenous Syk is unknown.
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