Words similar to activates
Example sentences for: activates
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Giniger and Ptashne found that a designed acidic, amphipathic alpha helix of 15 amino acids activates transcription when fused to the Gal4BD [ 10 ] . Using in vitro transcription assays, Gerber et al.
The heritability of the executive network has been observed in other conflict tasks such as the Stroop color-word task [ 39 ] which also activates the cingulate and other frontal areas [ 6 ] . However, the flanker task has an advantage over the Stroop in that it does not involve language and our results show considerably higher heritability.
More likely in this cell type the distal accumulation of Fz and other proteins activates a signal transduction pathway that activates the cytoskeleton through a diffusible signal (Fig.
Alpha gustducin activates PDE, causing decreases in intracellular cAMP, while its βγ partners stimulate PLCβ2 to produce IP 3 and DAG.
Insulin transduces its cellular signal in most cell types via two signaling pathways, i.e., the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) pathway [ 8 ] . Insulin initially binds to the insulin receptor causing autophosphorylation of the β-subunit of the receptor [ 8 ] . The protein kinase domain of the β-subunit then phosphorylates tyrosine residues in insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, IRS-2, IRS-3, or Shc, which then activates the p44/42 MAPK signaling cascade [ 8 ] . PD98059 is a cell permeable, non-competitive, reversible inhibitor of MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK), a protein kinase upstream of p44/42 MAPK [ 9 ] . Tyrosine phosphorylated IRS also activates the PI 3-kinase pathway [ 8 10 ] . There are at least three, well-characterized inhibitors of the PI 3-kinase pathway, i.e., wortmannin, LY294002, and rapamycin [ 11 12 13 ] . Wortmannin and LY294002 block the activation of PI 3-kinase itself [ 11 12 ] , while rapamycin prevents the phosphorylation of a downstream effector in the pathway, p70 S6 kinase [ 13 ] .
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