Words similar to activation-induced
Example sentences for: activation-induced
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First, CD4 +T cells selectively proliferate in response to proteoglycan antigens [ 14 ] . Second, prevention of arthritis can be achieved by in vivo treatment with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies [ 15 ] . Third, arthritis can be transferred to naïve BALB/c or severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice using T and B cells from arthritic animals [ 16 17 18 ] . Fourth, a proteoglycan-specific T-cell hybridoma (T-helper-1 type) can induce arthritis in BALB/c mice [ 19 ] . Finally, CD4 +T cells from arthritic animals are resistant to activation-induced cell death [ 20 ] . These data suggest a breakdown of peripheral tolerance and accumulation of autoreactive T cells in the periphery.
The receptor activation-induced decrease of SNIP1 is partially sensitive to the proteasome-specific inhibitor lactacystin, suggesting the involvement of proteasomal degradation (Fig.
In induced models of autoimmunity, the CD28-B7 interaction has been shown to regulate disease susceptibility by rendering autoreactive T cells anergic, or alternatively by upregulating the threshold for autoreactive T-cell activation [ 30 ] . Furthermore, we previously showed that impaired Fas-mediated activation-induced cell death (AICD) of autoreactive T-helper-1 cells may be responsible for the development of PGIA [ 20 ] . Therefore, AICD and/or T-cell anergy, but not the CD4 +CD25 +regulatory T cells, may be responsible for deletion or inactivation of autoreactive T cells in autoimmune arthritis.
It is well known that apoptosis in T lymphocytes is an elaborately orchestrated process following lymphocyte activation that allows clonal expansion of the activated T cells while eventually eliminating the clone through the process of activation-induced cell death [ 30].
In addition, IL-2 may have a role in activation-induced T-cell death, therefore causing peripheral tolerance [ 6, 7].
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