Words similar to adenylyl
Example sentences for: adenylyl
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The cAMP cell surface receptor Car1 ( carA gene) is responsible for sensing secreted cAMP and activating adenylyl cyclase ( acaA gene), which in turn results in the production and secretion of cAMP in order to relay the cAMP pulses [ 38 ] . Normally both of these genes are expressed at very low levels in growing cells, and their expression is induced during the first few hours of development, including a stimulation of expression by the cAMP pulses themselves [ 39 ] .
However, it is entirely possible that even in this case the adenylyl cyclase activity is secondary to some other uncharacterized metabolic activity.
The classical adenylyl cyclases, guanylyl cyclases and the GGDEF (diguanylate cyclase) domains share the catalytic palm domain with the family B DNA polymerases, reverse transcriptases, viral RNA dependent RNA polymerases and eukaryote-type primases [ 4 13 14 ] . The pathogenic adenylyl cyclases of several bacteria and the CyaA-like proteobacteria adenylyl cyclases are extremely divergent versions of the catalytic domain seen in the Pol-β family of nucleotidyl transferases [ 15 ] (also see SCOP database: http://scop.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/scop/).
For PKA and PKC, the primary signal is generated at the plasma membrane and proceeds through intermediary G-proteins that stimulate adenylyl cyclase [ 1 ] or phospholipases [ 2 ] to generate the second messengers cAMP and diacylglycerol, respectively.
Using sensitive sequence profile comparison methods, we show that the CyaB-like adenylyl cyclases are homologs of the soluble mammalian thiamine triphosphatases [ 17 ] , and they define a novel superfamily of enzymes that utilize ATP and other organic phosphates.
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