Words similar to adenylate
Example sentences for: adenylate
How can you use “adenylate” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are a family of class 3 G protein-coupled receptors with important functions in the regulation of synaptic transmission, plasticity, neuronal excitability, and the regulation sensory transduction [ 1 2 3 4 5 ] . The eight mGluRs (mGluR1-8) and their splice variants have been divided into three groups (I-III) based on sequence homology, pharmacology and G protein coupling profiles [ 3 6 7 ] . Group II (mGluR2 and 3) and III (mGluR4, and 6 through 8) couple negatively to adenylate cyclase through activation of the G i/o family of G proteins [ 8 ] . Group I mGluRs (mGluR1 and 5) couple to multiple G proteins in native and heterologous systems, and have been observed to couple to G q/11 , G i/o and/or G s [ 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ] . mGluRs appear to be important mediators of synaptic transmission in the brain.
On the other hand, it has been previously demonstrated that direct activation of adenylate cyclase by Forskolin or cholera toxin, inhibition of cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase, and treatment with a cell permeable cAMP analog, induces a rise in intracellular cAMP [ 22 23 24 25 26 ] . Since cAMP is known to modulate the expression of CD8 in mice [ 27 ] , we sought to determine whether cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)-mediated signaling plays a role in modulating the mRNA levels of CD3, CD4, and CD8 in ex vivo examined human thymocytes.
The adenylate cyclase and associated proteins mentioned above, along with Hsp82p and Hsc82p, activate the cAMP pathway [ 19 ] , a pathway that acts in parallel with the MAPK pathway to promote filamentation.
Earlier, Blackburn and co-workers made "supercharged" methane-trisphosphonic acid AppppA analogs containing a central carbon from which three adenylate or phosphate moieties are bonded [ 15 ] . In work presented here, tripodal inhibitors 15a and 17a showed, respectively, micromolar and submicromolar efficacies while the phosphorothioate counterparts 15b and 17b showed 100 nM efficacy.
cAMP is an important signaling molecule that can be found in specific cellular domains [ 53 ] . Levels are controlled through synthesis via adenylate cyclase, and degradation via phosphodiesterases (PDEs).
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