Words similar to ligand-binding
Example sentences for: ligand-binding
How can you use “ligand-binding” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
A variety of environmental small molecules, namely, nutrients, xenobiotics and first messengers are recognized by cells, with the help of specialized protein sensors on their surfaces [ 1 2 ] . Additionally cells also use protein-bound small molecules, such as FAD, cinnamic acid, tetrapyrroles and heme as sensors of photons and the ambient redox states [ 3 4 ] . Within cells, small molecules, such as cyclic nucleotides, are used as intracellular messengers to transduce signals arising from a variety of stimuli [ 1 2 ] . Over the past few years a combination of protein sequence analysis and biochemical studies have revealed several unifying principles that govern the recognition of small molecules by cells [ 4 5 6 7 8 9 ] . A significant component of small molecule-protein interactions is mediated via a relatively small set of ancient conserved protein domains that bind their ligands using specialized pockets [ 4 10 ] . Certain protein folds have given rise to several large superfamilies of ligand-binding domains.
A similar secondary structure pattern is also observed in several other ligand-binding domains such as the PAS, GAF, profilin and probably even the CACHE domains [ 10 ] . Sequence-structure threading using the 3DPSSM method detected the PAS domain (Photoactive yellow protein PDB: 1drm) with marginally significant scores (.5, 50-70% probability of correct fold prediction).
Gene fusions characteristically bring together proteins that function in a concerted manner, such as successive enzymes in metabolic pathways, enzymes and the domains involved in their regulation, or DNA-binding domains and ligand-binding domains in prokaryotic transcriptional regulators [ 1, 2, 3].
The NR family contains two related ERs (ERα and ERβ) that conform to the typical three domain NR structure and share extensive sequence homology in the DBD and LBD region [ 20 21 ] . Analysis of the function of the individual ERs in mouse knockout models suggests that the major proliferative effects of estrogen are mediated by ERα and not by ERβ, which seems to play an inhibitory role in proliferation in some studies [ 22 23 ] . The ligand-binding properties of the ERs are different, with ERβ often exhibiting stronger binding to plant-derived phytoestrogens [ 24 ] . More importantly, the ERs exhibit isoform-specific effects on gene expression.
The ligands ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) and a novel neurotrophin set, known alternatively as NNT-1/BSF3 and CLF/CLC, also function through the high affinity LIFR:gp130 heterodimeric receptor but require a third ligand-binding but non-signaling subunit [ 1 2 3 4 ] . Oncostatin M (OSM) utilizes LIFR:gp130 as an alternative receptor complex for OSM signaling in humans [ 5 ] , but not in mice [ 6 ] . Thus, in mice LIFR:gp130 is obligatory for signaling induced by LIF, CNTF, CT-1 and CLF/CLC.
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