Words similar to ligand
Example sentences for: ligand
How can you use “ligand” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Because MIG/CXCL9 and IP-10/CXCL10 share the same receptor (CXCR3), one possible explanation of a partial decrease in CXCR3-activated T cells is that neutralization of one ligand may overexpose the receptor to the other ligand.
Recent data suggest that in the developing nervous system, signaling by at least BMPs 2, 4 and 7 is determined by the spatiotemporal expression patterns of BMPs and their receptors, and by relative levels of the soluble BMP antagonists such as follistatin and noggin that directly bind BMPs in the extracellular compartment and prevent functional receptor/ligand interaction [ 1 24 25 26 27 28 ] . The extent to which these factors may regulate BMP-5 signaling is difficult to determine because of the paucity of data regarding either antagonism of BMP-5 signaling by follistatin and noggin or the interaction between known BMP receptors and BMP-5.
5μl of ice-cold protein binding buffer (PBB) along with 10μl of GST-bead slurry corresponding to 3μg of fusion protein, 1μl of in vitro translated protein and 1.5μl of ligand or vehicle and/or peptides or vehicle.
Our data clearly show that nalbuphine is a potent agonist at the μ opioid receptor with an efficacy similar to that of morphine, thus agreeing with in vivo data showing that morphine and nalbuphine are equally potent as analgesics [ 33 ] . However, other reports have described nalbuphine as a "mixed agonist/antagonist" with agonism at κ opioid receptors and antagonism at μ opioid receptors based on in vivo data [ 11 33 ] . This categorization is likely due to the fact that nalbuphine has been shown to reduce the ventilatory depressant effect of other opioids, while adding to their analgesic effect [ 33 ] . Nalbuphine is also used clinically to reduce the opioid-mediated side effects such as itching, without completely reversing the analgesic effects of the full agonists [ 34 35 36 ] . According to our data, although nalbuphine is clearly a potent agonist at μ receptors, its levels of agonism is significantly lower than the very efficacious drug fentanyl and the endogenous ligand β-endorphin.
a and one Chl b [ 35 ] . Rogl and Kühlbrandt [ 34 ] suggested that Glu65 (in an ion-pair with Arg185) may be a ligand for Chl b, with another site, occupied by Chl
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