Words similar to life-cycle
Example sentences for: life-cycle
How can you use “life-cycle” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Some of the morons have been shown to be related to other bacterial genes, suggesting that they may at first have been host genes integrated in the phage genome [ 22 ] . These genes may then have diverged rapidly because phages are known to have evolutionary rates orders of magnitude higher than those of bacteria [ 25 ] . Morons seem rarely to confer a direct advantage on the phage, but rather stabilize the host-prophage interaction by slightly increasing host fitness [ 20 ] . Therefore, they may undergo weaker selection pressure than genes directly involved in the phage life-cycle and be more sensitive to the mutational bias inherent to parasitic sequences [ 13 ] . From our results, it appears that whatever the nature of the organism in which the gene was first recruited, its compositional characteristics no longer represent its previous genome context.
In a review of the literature on 173 fish full life-cycle and ELS tests performed to determine the chronically safe concentrations of a wide variety of toxicants, such as metals, pesticides, organics, inorganics, detergents, and complex effluents, Woltering (1984) found that at the lowest effect concentration, significant reductions were observed in fry survival in 57%, fry growth in 36%, and egg hatchability in 19% of the tests.
1980, USEPA adopted the policy that ELS test data could be used in establishing water quality criteria if data from full life-cycle tests were not available (USEPA, 1980a).
McKim (1977) evaluated the data from 56 full life-cycle tests, 32 of which used the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, and concluded that the embryo-larval and early juvenile life-stages were the most sensitive stages.
Macek and Sleight (1977) found that exposure of critical life-stages of fish to toxicants provides estimates of chronically safe concentrations remarkably similar to those derived from full life-cycle toxicity tests.
Loading...