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Example sentences for: gadd
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Indeed, C/EBPα activates transcription of the p21 [ 37 ] , gadd45 [ 5 6 ] , gas2 and gas3 [ 38 39 ] genes.
Candidate mechanisms for the block of proliferation by C/EBPα include 1) activation of the gene promoters of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 [ 37 ] , gadd45 [ 5 6 ] , gas2 and gas3 [ 38 39 ] , 2) post-transcriptional stabilization of p21 [ 22 ] , or 3) interactions of C/EBPα with cell cycle proteins including p21 [ 22 24 25 55 ] , CDK2 [ 25 36 ] , CDK4 [ 36 ] , retinoblastoma [ 54 ] , the retinoblastoma-related protein p107 [ 34 ] and the G1/S-regulating E2F transcription complex [ 26 33 ] (Fig.
The upregulation of GADD153 by mefloquine suggests that the drug might affect the function of the ER in neurons, perhaps by disruption of calcium homeostasis.
C/EBPα binds to and activates transcription of the gene promoter for the p21 inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) [ 37 ] . This led to speculation that p21 gene activation may contribute to cell cycle arrest by C/EBPα [ 37 ] . Similarly, suppression of mitotic growth during adipocyte differentiation was associated with C/EBPα activation of the promoters of gadd45 (growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 45), gas2 and gas3 (growth arrest-associated genes 2 and 3) [ 5 6 38 39 ] . However, C/EBPα mutants defective in DNA binding still blocked proliferation [ 25 33 ] . This suggested that direct promoter activation was unnecessary, or redundant, for C/EBPα proliferation arrest [ 18 ] .
Mefloquine (80 μM) upregulated the transcription of four of five ER resident chaperones, GRP78, PDI, GRP94 and calreticulin, GADD153 and PERK (one way ANOVA P < 0.05, n = 20, FC > 1.3, Table 2).
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