Words similar to gadd
Example sentences for: gadd
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The first, the ER overload response, triggers the activation of the transcription factor NFkB and the subsequent upregulation of inflammatory proteins [ 13 ] . The second, the unfolded protein response (UPR) induces three divergent cellular events: (i) the activation of transcription factor ATF6 leading to the upregulation of ER chaperones such as protein disulfide isomerase, (ii) upregulation of the pro-apoptotic transcription factor GADD153 and (iii) suppression of protein synthesis via phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) by pancreatic eIF2α kinase (PEK/PERK, [ 11 12 ] ). Upregulation of the ER chaperones, GADD153 and PERK in response to a toxic insult would constitute direct evidence of an ER stress response.
Mefloquine (80 μM) upregulated the transcription of four of five ER resident chaperones, GRP78, PDI, GRP94 and calreticulin, GADD153 and PERK (one way ANOVA P < 0.05, n = 20, FC > 1.3, Table 2).
Of the genes listed in Table 4, seven were found in both studies (Peripheral Benzodiazepine receptor, 5HT3, Gadd45, CLP36, Lysozyme, SNAP25 and VGF).
The genes selected for confirmation were those for cyclin D1, GADD45, GPX, HO-1, HSP70, Mdr-1, QR, prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS), p21WAF1/CIP1 and PLA2.
Secondly, mefloquine has been shown to cause a striking upregulation of GADD153, a transcription factor selectively modulated under conditions of ER stress [ 8 ] . However, the depletion of the ER calcium pool on the one hand, and a consequent induction of an ER stress response have not been shown to occur simultaneously in intact primary neurons.
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