Words similar to down-regulated
Example sentences for: down-regulated
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Aberrant promoter methylation changes that occur in cancer are associated with transcriptional repression and loss of function of the gene by interrupting the binding of proteins involved in transcription activator complex [ 12 ] . Our gene expression analysis by RT-PCR demonstrated that all tumors that showed methylation of MGMT and MLH1 also showed down-regulated expression, while RASSF1A and RARB genes showed down-regulation of mRNA levels in most of the methylated tumors.
For example, in the related Rip1-Tag5 model, the vascular addressins GlyCAM-1 and MAdCAM-1 are expressed in pre-malignant islets, but down-regulated in solid tumors; their downregulation coincides with lack of infiltration in this model of spontaneous anti-tumor immunity [ 19 ] . It is possible that sub-lethal radiation is altering the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules allowing binding and extravasation of activated tumor-specific lymphocytes.
The potential translational inhibitory effects of the TAR RNA region is mediated by the activation of p68 (the interferon-induced 68-kilodalton protein kinase) kinase, which was down-regulated by Tat during productive HIV-1 infection [ 22 ] .
IGFR, [ 29 ] ], and one study used several cell lines and demonstrated distinct effects of the cell genetic background [ 25 ] . Down-regulated genes include bFGF, FGF-2, Topoisomerase II-α, EGFR,, human HDAC1, as well as cell cycle regulatory genes among others [ 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 ] . Regions in the bFGF promoter have been identified as associated with density-dependent down-regulation of bFGF [ 31 ] . The IGF-II P3 promoter is down-regulated as a function of cell density, and a 7-base pair sequence has been identified that plays a critical role in this down-regulation [ 32 ] . Neither the MoMuLV LTR or the htk promoters encode this sequence, although both encode a 10-base pair sequence that is identical to the P3 sequence with an insertion of 3 base pairs at position -1081.
Here, we describe the effect of coactivator proteins SRC-1 (Acc# AJ000882, U90661, Table 1) and p300 (Acc# U01877, Table 3), and their relation to differentiation genes such as retinoic acid receptor (RAR/PML, Acc#: X06614, Table 1), and Leptin receptor variant (Acc#: U66496, Table 1); all of which are down-regulated in Tat expressing cells (Figure 5).
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