Words similar to down-regulate
Example sentences for: down-regulate
How can you use “down-regulate” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Cumulatively, however, these observations do suggest a mechanism whereby HIV-1 expression in renal epithelium may induce cyclin D 1 : activation of Src-family kinases by Nef would be expected to up-regulate cyclin D 1 gene expression and promote the synthesis and stabilization of cyclin D 1 protein via Src-Ras-MAPK and Src-PI3K-mTOR signal transduction pathways, respectively [ 32 33 34 ] . Interestingly, our unpublished in vitro observations and published data showing marked expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in the interstitium of HIVAN kidneys [ 35 ] suggest that soluble mitogens may be important cofactors with HIV-1 expression to induce cyclin D 1 . Thus, interrupting HIV-1 gene expression should down-regulate cyclin D 1 and correct the phenotypic abnormalities in infected podocytes.
For instance, HIV-1 infection is able to down-regulate major histocompatibility complex type I (MHC-I) by various different viral proteins, including Tat which represses the transcription of MHC-I, Vpu which retains nascent MHC-I chains in the endoplasmic reticulum, and Nef which can mediate selective internalization of MHC-I molecules from the plasma membrane.
It should be noted that the fibroblast cells lines we used remain fully viable after detachment and transfer to suspension culture [ 31 43 ] . This is in contrast to most epithelial cells which undergo anoikis, i.e., apoptotic cell death after the disruption of cell-matrix interactions [ 45 ] . It is of interest that some anchorage-independent tumor cells, most of which are of epitheloid origin, become susceptible to anoikis after the introduction of exogenous PTEN [ 23 34 35 36 ] . These observations are in line with the established ability of PTEN to down-regulate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/PKB survival pathway [ 11 46 ] . The absence of anoikis in our two cell lines may reflect inherent cell type specific differences, i.e., the superior ability of fibroblasts to survive under suspension culture conditions.
Arrestins bind phosphorylated receptors and further down-regulate receptor activity by inhibiting G protein interaction.
10) have various expression levels of doubly spliced viral mRNAs, including Tat, Rev, Nef, Vpr, and other accessory proteins, we decided to perform the microarray in a system where Tat was constitutively expressed; asking whether Tat by itself, or in the absence of other accessory proteins, could still down-regulate host cellular genes.
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