Words similar to down-regulate
Example sentences for: down-regulate
How can you use “down-regulate” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Consistent with this prediction, treatment with 0.3 μM norepinephrine for 24 h failed to down-regulate the receptor containing the motif mutated to EESSVAE, although the wild-type receptor with the EESSTSE motif was down-regulated by 35%.
Cumulatively, however, these observations do suggest a mechanism whereby HIV-1 expression in renal epithelium may induce cyclin D 1 : activation of Src-family kinases by Nef would be expected to up-regulate cyclin D 1 gene expression and promote the synthesis and stabilization of cyclin D 1 protein via Src-Ras-MAPK and Src-PI3K-mTOR signal transduction pathways, respectively [ 32 33 34 ] . Interestingly, our unpublished in vitro observations and published data showing marked expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in the interstitium of HIVAN kidneys [ 35 ] suggest that soluble mitogens may be important cofactors with HIV-1 expression to induce cyclin D 1 . Thus, interrupting HIV-1 gene expression should down-regulate cyclin D 1 and correct the phenotypic abnormalities in infected podocytes.
First, PTEN's protein phosphatase activity is able to down-regulate focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation, which leads to the inactivation of the Ras/MAP kinase pathway [ 19 20 21 ] . Second, its lipid phosphatase activity targets the second messenger phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P 3 ] and thereby blocks activation of the protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) pathway [ 11 18 22 23 24 ] . Whereas both of the above pathways are intimately involved in the control of cell growth and survival, PTEN-regulated FAK activity further appears to impinge on cell adhesion, cell migration, and cell invasion [ 20 21 ] . It therefore emerges that the loss of PTEN activity may confer increased survival ability, proliferative potential, and invasive capacity on cells, and thereby may promote progression towards a more malignant phenotype.
It was reported that PPAR activation could down-regulate the activity of AP-1 by interfering with the functions of c-jun [ 36 37 ] . Therefore, the following set of experiments was designed to test if PPAR activation could reduce c-jun activation in 25-OH-cholesterol treated microglia.
Interestingly, the promoter activity of the CD87 gene was shown to decline after infection [ 32 ] , implying that post integration of HIV-1 may in fact down-regulate CD87 gene expression.
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