Words similar to down-regulation
Example sentences for: down-regulation
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The phosphorylated beta-2 receptor enhances the binding of beta-arrestin, which not only uncouples the receptor from the signal transduction process but also serves as an adapter protein that mediates entry into the internalization pathway [ 5 ] , as well as serving as a platform for additional signaling pathways [ 6 ] . The mechanisms of beta-2 adrenergic receptor down-regulation appear to involve both an increase in the rate of degradation of the receptor as well as a decrease in the levels of beta receptor mRNA [ 7 ] . Down-regulation of the beta-2 receptor is, in part, due to trafficking of the beta-2 receptor to lysosomes via the clathrin-coated pit endosomal pathway [ 8 9 ] .
By contrast, a deletion of twelve residues of the human alpha-2A receptor (293-304) which includes the EESSSSE motif did not appear to prevent agonist-induced down-regulation [ 26 ] . Thus a phosphorylation pathway may not be involved in agonist-induced down-regulation of the alpha-2A adrenergic receptor.
All three alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtypes from nearly all species that have been tested undergo agonist-induced down-regulation [ 24 25 ] . Interestingly, we have shown that the potency of norepinephrine to produce down-regulation differs among alpha-2 receptor subtypes [ 19 24 ] . The concentration of norepinephrine required to produce half-maximal down-regulation is approximately 2 μM for the alpha-2A receptor.
It has long been known that infection by HIV-1 commonly leads to the down-regulation and the disappearance of CD4 receptors from the plasma membrane, a phenomenon referred to as receptor down-modulation.
However, expression analysis of these genes did not provide evidence of down-regulation in CC cell lines.
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