Words similar to upregulation
Example sentences for: upregulation
How can you use “upregulation” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
In preliminary experiments utilizing primary rat neurons, we have also observed an upregulation of GADD153 after mefloquine treatment (unpublished data).
The first, the ER overload response, triggers the activation of the transcription factor NFkB and the subsequent upregulation of inflammatory proteins [ 13 ] . The second, the unfolded protein response (UPR) induces three divergent cellular events: (i) the activation of transcription factor ATF6 leading to the upregulation of ER chaperones such as protein disulfide isomerase, (ii) upregulation of the pro-apoptotic transcription factor GADD153 and (iii) suppression of protein synthesis via phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) by pancreatic eIF2α kinase (PEK/PERK, [ 11 12 ] ). Upregulation of the ER chaperones, GADD153 and PERK in response to a toxic insult would constitute direct evidence of an ER stress response.
The possibility that domoic acid may activate neonatal microglia both in vitro and in vivo is suggested by recent observations with kainic acid, a domoic acid and glutamate analog that can induce upregulation of neonatal microglia scavenger receptor mRNA [ 22 ] and tissue plasminogen activator release [ 23 ] . The putative molecular explanation for these observations has been that kainic acid activates the ionotropic AMPA glutamate GluR4 subunit which has recently been shown to be expressed by activated microglia following transient forebrain ischemia in vivo [ 24 ] . Because this subunit of the AMPA glutamate receptor has affinity for domoic acid [ 25 26 27 ] , we hypothesized that domoic acid might activate neonatal microglia in vitro and lead to concomitant mediator release [ 21 ] .
To determine whether upregulation of cytokine production by CSC involved activation of NFκB, we examined CSC-treated epithelial cells for phosphorylation of the inhibitor of NFκB (IκB).
7) might be due to differential amplification efficiency of the four different primer sets and do not necessarily represent true differential upregulation of the four transcripts.
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