Words similar to upregulation
Example sentences for: upregulation
How can you use “upregulation” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
In an in vivo study [ 16], all- trans -retinoic acid was shown to cause an upregulation of TGF-β isoforms in rats, with kinetics and isoform selectivity that varied with the target tissue.
In CD8 +T cells from African HIV +patients, stimulated with env peptide, both IFN-γ and TNF-α production were increased over controls [ 52 ] . PBMC from the elderly (almost healthy donors) showed upregulation of TNF-α in unstimulated cultures [ 52 ] . HLA-DR activation of CD8 +CD57 +cells from elderly subjects strongly produced TNF-α [ 48 ] . Lipopolysaccharide-activation of T cells from aged donors induced higher levels of TNF-α than controls in two separate studies [ 53 31 ] . Finally, in HIV +patients receiving HIV type 1 antigen, both INF-γ and TNF-α were significantly increased in memory T cells activated by antigen [ 54 ] .
Therefore, it is reasonable to propose that some of the chemopreventive efficacy of these agents against breast cancer in vivo could be mediated via a local upregulation of TGF-βs, with concomitant enhancement of tumor suppressor activity.
One study performed a DNA microarray analysis on CMV infected cells and observed an upregulation of 258 cellular mRNAs whose level changes were by a factor of 4 or more after the onset of viral replication [ 76 ] . The functions of some of these genes still remains highly speculative, yet it gives an insight as to what potential roles these genes may play, particularly in EBV reactivation.
Ectopic BMP4 can lead to the upregulation of Tbx5 in the retina, and Tbx5 misexpression results in altered retinal ganglion cell axon projections to the tectum [ 56 ] .
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