Words similar to upregulate
Example sentences for: upregulate
How can you use “upregulate” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
There is an extensive literature showing that steroid hormone superfamily members, such as antiestrogens and retinoids, can upregulate TGF-β activity in a variety of systems [ 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 24, 35].
Second, the principal Th1 chemokines, MIG and IP-10, are linked to a pro-elastolytic lung environment because these cytokines upregulate the elastase MMP12, which is associated with emphysema.
However, because the efficacious dose for tamoxifen was 10 times lower in the rat than the dose that has previously been shown to upregulate TGF-β 1 expression in human breast tumor tissue [ 23], we looked at the effect of a higher dose of tamoxifen in the rats.
For instance, IL-1-degraded cartilage tissues and cell suspensions are frequently employed as model systems to study cartilage metabolism under osteoarthritis-like conditions [ 1 2 3 4 ] and to assess the efficacy of various drug therapies [ 5 6 7 8 9 ] . IL-1 signals cells via cell surface receptors to upregulate proteases, matrix metalloproteinases and aggrecanase, while downregulating matrix metalloproteinase inhibition and proteoglycan synthesis [ 10 11 ] . The ultimate effect of these metabolic changes include damage to the ECM, loss of ECM components (especially proteoglycan), and alteration of the normal balance of catabolic and anabolic processes that regulate cartilage ECM composition.
Although cytokines are traditionally associated with peripheral immune reactions as part of the innate response, evidence is accumulating that they may also be involved in normal brain function and may mediate pathological responses such as hyperalgesia [ 26 27 ] . In fact, the abundance of MIF in glia of the spinal cord is particularly interesting since glial cells have been suggested as involved in hyperalgesia through the release of cytokines and other substances [ 28 ] . Given the presence of MIF in the pelvic organs (bladder, prostate) and the central and peripheral nervous system tissues that innervate these organs, as well as the fact that bladder inflammation appears to upregulate MIF in these areas, it is possible that MIF represents a therapeutic target in reducing or preventing pelvic viscera inflammation.
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