Words similar to upregulate
Example sentences for: upregulate
How can you use “upregulate” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Furthermore, experimental evidence suggests that when a signaling network is activated, positive feedback mechanisms upregulate the expression of genes that encode pathway proteins [ 26 ] , implying that this rationale is also applicable to "surveillance" pathways, whose protein components may need to be constitutively present in small quantities, but whose concentration increases with activation.
It may be that under stressful conditions, such as a disease state or a loss of nutrients which occurs in a state of ischemia, the smooth muscle cells upregulate a new complement of 5-HT receptors [ 33 34 35 ] . These new receptors maybe involved in activation of the ERK, p38 and JNK pathways, but the studies presented here do not directly address this issue.
The data are consistent with the report that a variant of PC12 cells also express exclusively PLD2 [ 18 ] and this expression is stimulated by nerve growth factor [ 18 ] , a treatment known to upregulate the cholinergic phenotype of PC12 cells [ 21 22 ] . PLD2 mRNA is abundant in many regions of the adult rodent central nervous system [ 6 23 ] , including cerebellum, frontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, midbrain, brainstem, striatum, and spinal cord [ 24 ] . The latter three regions are enriched with cell bodies of cholinergic neurons.
Although cytokines are traditionally associated with peripheral immune reactions as part of the innate response, evidence is accumulating that they may also be involved in normal brain function and may mediate pathological responses such as hyperalgesia [ 26 27 ] . In fact, the abundance of MIF in glia of the spinal cord is particularly interesting since glial cells have been suggested as involved in hyperalgesia through the release of cytokines and other substances [ 28 ] . Given the presence of MIF in the pelvic organs (bladder, prostate) and the central and peripheral nervous system tissues that innervate these organs, as well as the fact that bladder inflammation appears to upregulate MIF in these areas, it is possible that MIF represents a therapeutic target in reducing or preventing pelvic viscera inflammation.
Upregulation might engage a feedback loop mechanism, in which Notch activation in neighboring cells maintains them in a proliferative, unspecified state whereas those cells that upregulate Delta expression, and have decreased Notch activity, are driven to exit the cell cycle and to differentiate.
Loading...