Words similar to rars
Example sentences for: rars
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This phosphorylation was required for the RA mediated differentiation of F9 cells into parietal endoderm [ 8 ] . These studies point to the importance of phosphorylation in the proper functioning of RARs.
The effects of the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) are mediated by two classes of ligand dependent transcription factors, the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and the retinoid X receptors (RXR) [ 1 ] . The RARs are activated by all trans RA and 9-cis RA whereas the RXRs are activated by 9-cis RA only.
Each gene may express several different isoforms because of alternative splicing and differential promoter usage [ 2 ] . Both the RARs and RXRs contain functional domains for DNA and ligand binding, dimerization with other transcription factors, and transactivation of RA responsive promoters.
The RARα amino terminus is not known to interact with CBP or its associated factor PCAF [ 5 18 ] . Additionally, RARs bind to the interaction domains of repressor proteins such as NCoR via region D of the receptor rather than the amino terminus [ 4 ] . Despite the lack of obvious interaction of the RAR amino terminus with nuclear receptor cofactors, the S77A mutation may alter the three dimensional structure of the receptor.
Decreased growth factor and growth factor receptor expression has been proposed as a potential growth inhibitory mechanism [ 14 ] . Additionally, RA mediated inhibition of AP-1 activity is believed to be important in cellular growth control by this ligand [ 13 ] . AP-1 inhibition via direct interaction between RARs and AP-1 proteins has been proposed [ 16 ] . RA inhibition of jun N-terminal kinase was shown to prevent c-jun phosphorylation, resulting in decreased AP-1 activity [ 17 ] . Competition between RAR and AP-1 for limiting amounts of the nuclear receptor coactivator CBP may also account for decreases in AP-1 transcriptional activity [ 5 ] . In the present study we have described a new mechanism by which RA can inhibit cellular proliferation.
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