Words similar to osteoclast
Example sentences for: osteoclast
How can you use “osteoclast” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
With respect to osteoclast formation, IFN-γ is known to potently inhibit RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis in both spleen-derived macrophage cultures and bone marrow coculture systems [ 19 20 21 ] . It has also been demonstrated that mice defective in IFN-γ signaling have a more rapid onset of arthritis and bone resorption compared with wild-type mice, suggesting a protective role of IFN-γ in early arthritis [ 21 22 ] .
The strength of the early RANKL signal may be altered in the setting of inflammatory bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, in which high levels of RANKL expressed on either synovial cells or infiltrating T cells [ 43 44 ] may induce osteoclast formation despite the presence of exogenous or endogenous IFN-γ.
These effects were irreversible and not caused by inhibition of proximal signaling at the level of STAT1 or TRAF6, suggesting that resistance to IFN-γ is caused by a complex differentiation program specifying the osteoclast fate.
The potency of IFN-γ as a macrophage activator and osteoclast inhibitor suggests a prominent role for T cells and/or NK cells in the regulation of bone resorption, as these cells constitute the major source of IFN-γ [ 18 ] . A link between activated T cells and osteoclast inhibition by IFN-γ has been highlighted in a report by Takayanagi et al ., providing the first in vivo evidence that the immune system may influence osteoclastogenesis [ 38 ] . Interestingly, other groups have demonstrated that activated T cells induce osteoclastogenesis via upregulation of surface RANKL, presenting a dilemma regarding the role of activated T cells in osteoclastogenesis [ 20 40 45 ] .
These cells have been demonstrated to recapitulate critical aspects of osteoclast formation and activity, including bone resorption, expression of calcitonin receptor, multinuclear fusion, and TRAP expression [ 6 34 ] .
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