Words similar to osteoclast
Example sentences for: osteoclast
How can you use “osteoclast” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
The strength of the early RANKL signal may be altered in the setting of inflammatory bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, in which high levels of RANKL expressed on either synovial cells or infiltrating T cells [ 43 44 ] may induce osteoclast formation despite the presence of exogenous or endogenous IFN-γ.
We have demonstrated, using in vitro methods, that osteoclast precursors exposed to RANKL for 1-2 days can be rendered resistant to maximal osteoclast-inhibitory doses of IFN-γ.
Osteoblasts are known to secrete tumor necrosis factor-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE) (RANK-L), which acts on the TRANCE receptor (TRANCE-R) (RANK) found on osteoclast precursors.
The dominance of IFN-γ over RANKL, which we observed in vitro (1 ng IFN-γ counteracts 200 ng RANKL when simultaneously administered), probably allows this macrophage activation to occur even in the presence of RANKL expressed on circulating, activated T cells [ 20 40 ] . In the bone microenvironment, however, more abundant RANKL produced by osteoblasts/stromal cells may influence certain monocytes to commit to the osteoclast lineage [ 41 42 ] .
The potency of IFN-γ as a macrophage activator and osteoclast inhibitor suggests a prominent role for T cells and/or NK cells in the regulation of bone resorption, as these cells constitute the major source of IFN-γ [ 18 ] . A link between activated T cells and osteoclast inhibition by IFN-γ has been highlighted in a report by Takayanagi et al ., providing the first in vivo evidence that the immune system may influence osteoclastogenesis [ 38 ] . Interestingly, other groups have demonstrated that activated T cells induce osteoclastogenesis via upregulation of surface RANKL, presenting a dilemma regarding the role of activated T cells in osteoclastogenesis [ 20 40 45 ] .
Loading...