Words similar to osteoclast
Example sentences for: osteoclast
How can you use “osteoclast” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
These data support the hypothesis that sensitivity to IFN-γ decreases with increasing osteoclast differentiation and that the mechanism by which RANKL and IFN-γ reciprocally inhibit each other in pre-osteoclasts is mediating the irreversible commitment into the osteoclast or activated macrophage lineages.
The potency of IFN-γ as a macrophage activator and osteoclast inhibitor suggests a prominent role for T cells and/or NK cells in the regulation of bone resorption, as these cells constitute the major source of IFN-γ [ 18 ] . A link between activated T cells and osteoclast inhibition by IFN-γ has been highlighted in a report by Takayanagi et al ., providing the first in vivo evidence that the immune system may influence osteoclastogenesis [ 38 ] . Interestingly, other groups have demonstrated that activated T cells induce osteoclastogenesis via upregulation of surface RANKL, presenting a dilemma regarding the role of activated T cells in osteoclastogenesis [ 20 40 45 ] .
In the present study we analyzed cytokine (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ , TNF-α , and LT-α ), activation marker (CD154 [CD40 ligand] and TRANCE - also called receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B ligand [RANKL] or osteoclast differentiation factor [ODF]), and chemokine receptor expression by individual CD4 +memory T cells isolated from rheumatoid synovium and blood.
These cells have been demonstrated to recapitulate critical aspects of osteoclast formation and activity, including bone resorption, expression of calcitonin receptor, multinuclear fusion, and TRAP expression [ 6 34 ] .
The CD98 (4F2, FRP-1) molecule, a cell surface disulfide-linked heterodimer, was originally described as a T cell activation antigen [ 1 ] , and later was shown to provide a co-stimulatory signal for CD3-mediated T-cell activation [ 2 ] , independent of CD28/CD80/CD86 interaction [ 3 ] . In other studies, triggering of human monocyte CD98 could suppress T cell proliferation [ 4 ] , or promote homotypic cell aggregation of monocytes [ 5 ] . Also, CD98 may be a target antigen for natural killer cells [ 6 ] , may mediate fusion of blood monocytes leading to osteoclast formation [ 7 8 ] , and may modulate hematopoietic cell survival and differentiation [ 9 ] .
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