Words similar to modulates
Example sentences for: modulates
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Also, p53 modulates a battery of downstream genes involved in growth control and apoptosis [ 25 26 ] . Taken collectively, diminishing liver mRNA levels of both c-myc and p53 by RU 486 may help define the underlying reasons for the observed anti-apoptotic activity of this compound.
It is also possible that TAF II 135 expression modulates the activity of transcription factors in addition to the RARs leading to the appearance of this novel cell type.
For example, Herschlag and co-workers have previously shown that a nucleobase could complement an abasic site within the hammerhead ribozyme, restoring cleavage activity [ 1 ] . Similarly, Porta and Lizardi engineered a hammerhead ribozyme that assumed an inactive secondary structure; upon the addition of an oligonucleotide that disrupted the engineered secondary structure, the ribozyme was activated [ 2 ] . More recently, it has previously been shown that many selected nucleic acid binding species (aptamers) undergo conformational changes upon ligand binding [ 3 4 5 6 ] In addition, when aptamers are conjoined to ribozymes, the ligand-induced conformational changes in the aptamers frequently modulate the structures and hence the activities of the ribozymes [ 7 8 9 ] For example, binding of theophylline to the anti-theophylline aptamer [ 10 ] modulates the conformation of residue [ 11 12 ] and the overall stability of the aptamer [ 10 13 ] . Appending the anti-theophylline aptamer to the hammerhead ribozyme allowed cleavage activity to be modulated by 110-fold by theophylline [ 13 ] . Similarly, appending the anti-theophylline aptamer to a small ribozyme ligase (L1) generated an aptazyme that was activated 1,600-fold by saturating theophylline concentrations [ 14 ] .
We have previously shown that activation of promyeloid cells causes dephosphorylation of DEK and diminished DEK binding to the HIV-2 long terminal repeat [ 16 17 32 ] . In this study, we show that rDEK can bind to the DQA1 Y box, and that DEK in nuclear extracts participates in the DQA1 Y-box binding complex in vitro . Thus, we propose a model in which intracellular signaling modulates the ability of DEK to bind DNA, causing alteration of MHC class II transcription.
Indeed, cytokines have been shown to play an important part in the HIV-1 life cycle and the results obtained here suggest that treatment of PBMCs with HIV-1 envelope proteins significantly modulates the transcription of numerous cytokine genes.
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