Words similar to caspases
Example sentences for: caspases
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Cell death is executed by the activation of a family of proteases termed caspases.
Fas contains a single transmembrane domain and belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/nerve growth factor family [ 8 ] . FasL contains a single transmembrane domain and is also a member of the same TNF family [ 9 ] . A soluble form of FasL has been described, but appears to be less capable of inducing apoptosis, when compared with the bound form [ 10 11 ] . The binding of FasL with Fas initiates receptor oligomerization, which recruits Fas-associated death domain (FADD) [ 12 ] . FADD binds procaspase-8 and permits activation of caspase-8 through self-cleavage [ 13 ] . Caspase-8 activates the effector caspases, which commits the cell to the orderly process of apoptosis [ 14 15 ] . In addition, caspase-8 cleaves Bcl-2-interactive-death-agonist (Bid) [ 16 ] . Truncated Bid localizes to the mitochondria and promotes cytochrome c release; this process also serves as a major apoptotic-signaling pathway for Fas [ 16 17 18 ] . Depending upon the amount of caspase-8 that is activated, the predominant pathway can be either Bid cleavage with subsequent mitochondrial release of cytochrome c or activation of the effector caspase pathway [ 18 ] . Resident cells of the kidney express both Fas and FasL and Fas/FasL signaling is functional in these cells [ 19 20 21 22 23 24 ] . A recent review by Ortiz and associates [ 25 ] noted that the combined literature demonstrating participation of Fas/FasL pathway in renal injury essentially fulfilled Koch's postulates.
The essential step in plasma membrane destabilization and MP-release very likely is a caspase-dependent sphingomyelin hydrolysis, which leads to the production of ceramide [ 28 29 30 ] . It is possible, however, that sphingomyelin hydrolysis and MP-release may be a consequence of the action of initiator caspases or other ZVAD sensitive proteases rather than only executioner caspases [ 15 31 32 ] . Our study was performed in HUVEC culture, which may have particular properties in respect of MP release when compared with endothelial cells from other organs.
Although we did not determine which golgins are substrates for specific caspases, further studies aimed at defining the caspases responsible for golgin cleavage, the cleavage sites, and the biological consequences of these cleavages should provide important insights into the possible role of some of the Golgi autoantigens in apoptosis.
While there is extensive crosstalk between the caspases, the two most common initiator pathways are the Fas/Fas ligand pathway, involving caspase 8 and caspase 10, and the mitochondrial pathway, triggering caspase 9 [ 24 25 ] . Caspase 3, a pivotal downstream protease, functions in virtually every caspase pathway and serves as an executioner in the cells by cleavage of downstream targets which lead to irreversible chromosomal degradation.
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