Words similar to beta-catenin
Example sentences for: beta-catenin
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LiCl has previously been shown to mimic activation of Wnt-1 signaling by stabilizing beta-catenin through its inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a kinase that phosphorylates beta-catenin and promotes its degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway [ 39 ] . C57mg cells treated with LiCl exhibited elevated levels of mesothelin but not SL-1 (Figure 2, left panel).
SL-1 induction in p2S cells, an untransformed mouse mammary epithelial cell line, triggered the disappearance of E-cadherin and beta-catenin from cell-cell junctions and reduced the expression of beta-catenin [ 35 ] . Wnt-5a and SL-1 may play similar roles in inhibiting cadherin-mediated cell-adhesion, as Wnt-5a decreases Ca 2+-dependent cell adhesion similar to a dominant negative cadherin [ 11 ] . The regulation of SL-1 by Wnt-5a may be important in developmental processes such as gastrulation where Wnt-5a affects the morphogenetic movement of tissues [ 45 ] .
Interestingly, mesothelin expression is induced in lung, ovarian, and pancreatic carcinomas where constitutive activation of Wnt signaling is caused by stabilizing mutations in beta-catenin [ 27 28 41 42 43 44 ] . The induction of mesothelin in these carcinomas may be due to misregulation of Wnt signaling as are other targets of the Wnt pathway, c-myc and cyclin D1.
Beta-catenin then accumulates in the nucleus where it interacts with its transcriptional co-activators, members of the Lymphoid Enhancer Factor/T Cell Factor (LEF/TCF) family of high mobility group DNA binding proteins to regulate gene expression [ 1 ] . Many downstream gene targets of the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway have been identified http://www.stke.org.
Mis-regulation of Wnt signaling leads to the development of several human cancers, including colon carcinomas and melanoma [ 1 ] . Canonical Wnt signaling initiates in the binding of a Wnt ligand to its cell surface receptor, members of the frizzled gene family, along with the co-receptor LRP5/6 [ 2 3 ] , leading to changes in the activities of cytoplasmic effectors resulting in the stabilization of beta-catenin protein.
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