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Example sentences for: arsc
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Nucleotide sequences of these confirmed arsC genes were aligned according to the amino acid alignment, and the putative arsC ORFs subsequently aligned to these confirmed sequences.
The 16S rRNA based phylogenetic tree (Figure 1) generally matched the accepted 16S rRNA model with clear separation of the two prokaryotic domains and the subsequent divergence of Eukarya (represented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) from Archaea [ 31 ] . Minor inconsistencies such as Ralstonia solanacearum (β-Proteobacteria) forming a deep branch within the γ-Proteobacteria, or Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fusobacteria) and Leptospira interrogans (Spirochetes) grouping loosely with the Gram-positive Bacteria are likely the result of the limited data set used (they were the only representatives of their respective phyla that had listed arsC genes) and do not challenge established relationships.
Distance and maximum parsimony (MP) methods were used to construct arsC trees using aligned nucleotide sequences.
Each arsC sequence was designated as either plasmid or chromosomal, and as either confirmed (based on known arsenic resistance) or putative (from whole genome sequencing).
Despite the suggestion of HGT and duplication events, the arsC phylogeny suggests that arsenate reductase is an evolutionarily old enzyme, a hypothesis that was recently suggested for arsenite oxidase [ 38 ] . This is the first phylogenetic analysis of an arsenic redox active gene to include all three domains and the Archaea and Bacteria were clearly separated, with S. cerevisiae subsequently branching from Archaea.
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