Words similar to agonism
Example sentences for: agonism
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All other ligands studied showed agonism at μ opioid receptor with varying maximal effects or efficacies ranging from 29% - 71% (Table 1).
Agonism
Our data clearly show that nalbuphine is a potent agonist at the μ opioid receptor with an efficacy similar to that of morphine, thus agreeing with in vivo data showing that morphine and nalbuphine are equally potent as analgesics [ 33 ] . However, other reports have described nalbuphine as a "mixed agonist/antagonist" with agonism at κ opioid receptors and antagonism at μ opioid receptors based on in vivo data [ 11 33 ] . This categorization is likely due to the fact that nalbuphine has been shown to reduce the ventilatory depressant effect of other opioids, while adding to their analgesic effect [ 33 ] . Nalbuphine is also used clinically to reduce the opioid-mediated side effects such as itching, without completely reversing the analgesic effects of the full agonists [ 34 35 36 ] . According to our data, although nalbuphine is clearly a potent agonist at μ receptors, its levels of agonism is significantly lower than the very efficacious drug fentanyl and the endogenous ligand β-endorphin.
Clinically, xorphanol is a well tolerated, orally active analgesic that provides effective pain relief but shows low physical dependence liability [ 29 30 ] . It is possible that the low physical dependence liability of this drug is due to its partial agonism at μ opioid receptors.
For example some investigators have suggested that opioid ligands with agonism at μ opioid receptors and antagonism at δ opioid receptors are potentially useful analgesics [ 5 6 7 ] . In cases where the medicinal effect of a drug is mediated through the same opioid receptor type that also elicits the side effects, the use of drugs with mixed activity could be most beneficial [ 7 ] . In such a case, interaction with one receptor could reverse the unwanted side effects associated with activation of the other receptor.
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