Words similar to up-regulation
Example sentences for: up-regulation
How can you use “up-regulation” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Here, we ask whether infected podocytes expressing HIV-1 genes show the hallmarks of cyclin D 1 -dependent proliferation, specifically the up-regulation of cyclin D 1 transcript and protein expression and the subsequent phosphorylation of pRb on serine 780, a target site of active cyclin D 1 /CDK-4/6 that is not shared with cyclin E/CDK-2 complexes [ 24 ] . Utilizing two well-characterized models of HIVAN pathogenesis, HIV-1 transgenic mice [ 11 12 13 ] and HIV-1 infection of cultured podocytes [ 6 7 8 ] we find not only these hallmarks of cyclin D 1 -dependent proliferation, but also dysregulation of cyclin D 1 expression that normally occurs with cell-cell contact and differentiation [ 25 ] .
Fracture is followed by four weeks of up-regulation of the stimulatory cytokines after fracture, and healing must take place within that window of time if it is to occur.
For instance, viruses including Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) have been known to induce severe alterations of the host translational apparatus, including the up-regulation of ribosomal proteins and the progressive association of several nonribosomal proteins, such as VP19C, VP26, and the poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PAB1P) to ribosomes [ 39 ] . In the case of HIV-1, approximately one infectious HIV-1 genome in an infected cell could be transcribed and translated into 50,000 to 100,000 physical particles [ 40 ] . This poses an immense challenge for the virus to be able to transcribe, splice, transport, and translate its RNA into fully packaged virions in a timely fashion.
The specificity of the signals driven by PMA was further stressed by the up-regulation of CD3 expression and by the unaltered mRNA levels of the proto-oncogene c-Ha-ras.
Moreover, Frizzled receptors, Versican and other proteoglycans which contribute to Wnt protein activity are also controlled by Wnt signaling, as previously described in Drosophila [ 28 29 ] . At the level of transcriptional regulation, we found up-regulation of CBP/P300, which partners with β-catenin [ 30 31 ] but also TLE/Groucho, which is an inhibitor of TCF function [ 32 ] . These responses suggest a rich system of homeostasis and feedback control mechanisms, but they complicate the interpretation of experimental studies of Wnt signal transduction in which the time course of induction cannot be controlled easily.
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