Words similar to up-regulated
Example sentences for: up-regulated
How can you use “up-regulated” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Among the adhesion molecules up-regulated in IBD, MAdCAM-1, the mucosal cell adhesion molecule, is thought to be preeminent in the development of chronic gut inflammation.
Examples include RPs L7a, L37 and S14 in prostate tumors and cell lines [ 20 ] ; RPs L5, L7A, L18, S3, S6, S8, S12, S13, S28, P0 and P1 in colorectal cancers and cell lines [ 21 22 23 24 25 26 ] ; L5 in astrocytomas [ 27 ] ; L18a in squamous cell carcinoma [ 28 ] ; L19 in breast tumors that over-express erbB-2 [ 29 ] ; RPs S3A, S4, and S17 in lymphoid malignancies [ 30 ] ; L38, S4, P0, and P1 in rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines [ 31 ] ; and P0, P1, P2, L5, L9, L35, L39, S3A, S10, and S17 in liver tumors [ 32 ] . In addition, as noted above, a recent SAGE study identified targets of N-myc in a human neuroblastoma cell line [ 18 ] . Of 114 up-regulated genes detected, 66 encoded RPs with elevations ranging from 40% to 37-fold.
Measurements of mRNA and protein made in many laboratories using diverse methodologies have identified approximately 40 genes that are up-regulated and 25 down-regulated after peripheral nerve injury [ 3 5 6 ] . These regulated genes include members of several classes: G protein coupled receptors, ligand- and voltage-gated ion channels, receptor tyrosine kinases, growth factors, cytokines, neuropeptides, cell cytoskeletal genes, cell surface/extracellular matrix genes, and a miscellaneous group of enzymes.
Because GluR1 is a known substrate of CaMKII in vitro and in vivo [ 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40] and because CaMKII expression/activity is up-regulated in the retinae of the rdta mice [ 34], GluR1 phosphorylation might also be increased in the rodless retina.
For example, genes for human autoantigen and human carboxyl ester lipase-like protein would be considered up-regulated in the microarray (according to PM match hybridization) if the MM hybridization values were ignored in the fold change calculation.
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