Words similar to tgfβ-dependent
Example sentences for: tgfβ-dependent
How can you use “tgfβ-dependent” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
JNK has been described to drive TGFβ-dependent fibronectin synthesis independent of Smad4 and p38 [ 51 ] . In contrast to Smad3, JNK is activated by the TGFβ receptor I in a way that does not require the kinase domain [ 52 ] . This supports the notion that activation of Smad3 and JNK by TGFβ are independent events.
Strikingly, SB-202190 and SB-203580 suppressed TGFβ-dependent activation of those genes that are important for the acquisition of invasive behavior, while having no effect on the expression of the natural TGFβ inhibitor Smad7.
One way by which Smad7 can inhibit TGFβ-dependent gene expression is by blocking phosphorylation, and, hence, nuclear import of Smad3 and Smad2 [ 23 ] . More recent data showing that Smad7 is able to interact with histone deacetylases suggest an additional role for Smad7 as a transcriptional co-repressor [ 50 ] . Thus, Smad7 might interfere directly with Ese-1/Esx gene transcription.
The smad7 gene contains a perfect palindromic Smad binding element (GTCTAGAC) while the pai-1 and the pthrp promoters harbor AGAC tandem repeats [ 19 33 ] which binds Smad proteins less efficiently [ 34 ] . The upa gene contains only an AP1-binding site which resembles the Smad3/4-responsive AGAC motif [ 35 ] . A weaker binding site could require Smad3 to be present at higher concentrations for efficient binding and would make TGFβ-dependent transcription from a gene more vulnerable to reduced nuclear accumulation of the Smad3 protein.
Ese-1/Esx is a member of the Ets transcription factor family and is expressed mainly in epithelial tissue [ 30 ] . Its expression has been detected during mammary gland development and breast tumorigenesis [ 47 48 ] . It is noteworthy that Ese-1/Esx is a potential transcriptional regulator of the TGFβ type II receptor [ 31 ] and overexpression of Ese-1/Esx in non-invasive cells leads to a reduction in cell growth in the presence of TGFβ, presumably because of an increased TGFβ type II receptor level [ 49 ] . It is interesting that TGFβ-dependent downregulation of Ese-1/Esx is not affected by SB-203580.
Loading...