Words similar to sterols
Example sentences for: sterols
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A number of different groups have reported that genetically hypertensive strains of rats (SHR, SHRSP, WKY) have elevated levels of plasma sitosterol [ 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 ] . Although the WKY strain is not considered hypertensive, dietary alterations involving plant sterols appear to increase blood pressure in this strain [ 21 ] . We screened two commercially available hypertensive rats, as well as a 'genetically hypertensive' strain, GH, for plasma plant sterol levels and compared these to two control strains, Sprague-Dawley and Wistar (Table 4).
Although similar amounts of cholesterol and plant sterols are present in the typical human diet, the intestine of normal subjects provides an efficient barrier against the absorption of the majority of plant sterols [ 3 ] . On average, < 1-5% of dietary plant sterols are absorbed and retained compared with ~55% of dietary cholesterol [ 3 34 ] . Thus, in healthy individuals, there exists an exquisite mechanism that allows the body to distinguish between cholesterol and non-cholesterol sterols.
The WKY rat also carries this mutation and a high dietary intake of phytosterols will also increase the blood pressure and decrease the density of platelets, though to a lower extent than that observed in SHRSP rats [ 20 ] . These data support a pathological role of elevated plant sterols in these rats and support the notion that the STSL loci evolved to not only allow for the excretion of cholesterol into bile, but also to keep 'xeno-sterols' from accumulating in the body.
In sitosterolemic patients, the absorption of phytosterols in intestine is dramatically increased, with absorption of plant sterols to about the same extent (~60%) as cholesterol.
ABCG5 and ABCG8 are two genes located adjacently in a head-to-head configuration on human chromosome 2p21, encoding for two half-transporters, sterolin 1 and sterolin 2 respectively [ 9 10 12 ] . Mutations in either of these genes causes sitosterolemia, characterized by hyperabsorption of phytosterols, reduced excretion of sterols into the bile and very elevated levels of plasma plant sterol levels.
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