Words similar to pten-negative

Example sentences for: pten-negative

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As an alternative to the forced expression of ectopic PTEN in anchorage-independent, PTEN-negative tumor cells, our study has focused on the regulation of endogenous PTEN in anchorage-dependent mouse and human fibroblasts.
For example, mouse embryonal stem (ES) cells with homozygous deletion of the PTEN gene exhibit increased anchorage-independent growth as compared to normal ES cells [ 12 ] . Similarly, transfer of a wild type PTEN gene into anchorage-independent human glioblastoma cells (which lack functional PTEN), results in their greatly reduced ability to form colonies in soft agar [ 4 5 6 ] . The interpretation of these latter findings, however, is complicated by the strong anti-proliferative effects of PTEN even in monolayer culture, which is consistently observed when the wild type version of this gene is introduced into PTEN-negative tumor cells [ 4 6 7 8 9 10 18 33 ] . Moreover, in human glioma and breast cancer cell lines, the ectopic expression of wild type PTEN leads to anoikis, which is apoptosis initiated by the disruption of cell matrix-interactions [ 23 34 35 36 ] .
This basal level activity was not detectable in PTEN-negative U87 cells (compare Figure 4A).
In order to establish whether PTEN protein phosphatase activity could be reliably measured in vitro, we first transfected PTEN-negative U87 cells with an expression vector harboring PTEN cDNA.