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Example sentences for: nucleosomes
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In concert with the unrelated acidic protein N1/N2, which binds histones H3 and H4, they act together and with other factors to assemble nucleosomes [ 2 3 ] . In addition to assembly, nucleoplasmin and other proteins are involved in the chromatin remodeling and nucleosome disassembly that occurs, for example, during transcription to allow the access of transcription factors to nucleosomal DNA [ 4 ] . Another major function of nucleoplasmin is the decondensation of sperm chromatin at fertilization.
The other group consists of members of the Swi/Snf complex required to counter the repressive effects of chromatin by remodeling nucleosomes in an ATP-dependent manner (for review see [ 20].
In some cases, transcription factors may bind cooperatively to adjacent DNA sites via direct physical interaction [ 3 4 ] . In other cases, multiple transcription factors that bind independently may recruit a common co-activator [ 5 ] , or may act independently of one another to alter gene expression in response to distinct cellular cues [ 6 ] . Recent studies have also suggested that nearby transcription factors may collaboratively compete with nucleosomes, thus enhancing the binding of individual transcription factors [ 7 8 ] . Many experiments in yeast have shown that specific pairs of factors must be bound near each other for multifactorial regulation to occur [ 7 8 9 10 ] , and it is on these spatial constraints that we focus here.
Nucleoplasmin is the most abundant protein in the Xenopus oocyte nucleus and is the protein for which the term molecular chaperone was coined due to its multiple roles in the assembly of nucleosomes during early frog development [ 1 ] . Nucleoplasmin forms a pentamer and its stretches of acidic residues bind to histone H2A and H2B.
Additionally, in high glucose its promoter is also occupied by positioned nucleosomes, which cause transcriptional repression themselves [ 14, 15].
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