Words similar to nucleophile
Example sentences for: nucleophile
How can you use “nucleophile” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
By analogy with all other thiol proteases, in the NlpC/P60 superfamily peptidases the cysteine would act as the nucleophile that attacks the peptide bond, while the histidine acts in sequential steps as the base and then acid catalyst for the proton transfers [ 37].
Mutagenesis [ 14 ] , X-ray crystallography [ 16 40 ] , and stereochemical analysis [ 41 ] indicate that His96 is the nucleophile that attacks the α-phosphate of Fhit substrates.
Efforts to solve the crystal structure of one of the metallo-β-lactamases with a bound substrate molecule have failed, most likely due to the high activity of the enzymes towards all β-lactam containing antibiotics [ 37 54 ] . Therefore, computational studies have been used extensively to study substrate binding, the role of the Zn(II) ions in catalysis, the protonation state of the active site, and inhibitor binding [ 37 42 55 56 57 58 59 ] . All of the substrate binding models have made assumptions before the substrate was docked into the active site [ 37 42 ] , and some of these assumptions have been shown to be invalid for certain substrates [ 43 ] . With L1, two key assumptions were made: (1) the bridging hydroxide functions as the nucleophile during catalysis and (2) Zn 1 coordinates the β-lactam carbonyl [ 37 ] . With these assumptions and after energy minimizations, Ser224 was predicted to hydrogen bond to the substrate carboxylate [ 37 ] , reminiscent of the role predicted for Lys224 in CcrA [ 42 ] . Ullah et al.
There is some discussion about which cysteine residue is oxidized; the most likely is cysteine 106, which is present in a nucleophile elbow in the protein.
The fourth ligand appears to be a water molecule activated through interactions with the conserved glutamate to serve as the active site nucleophile.
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