Words similar to neurotrophins
Example sentences for: neurotrophins
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In the ear [ 4 ] as well as elsewhere [ 10 ] neurotrophins are progressively downregulated in postnatal mammals and possibly replaced by other factors [ 11 ] .
Past work has shown that BDNF and NT-3 appear to shift in their expression into inner hair cells around birth or are lost in the ear and other parts of the nervous system [ 6 10 20 23 ] . It has been suggested that other neurotrophins may come into play in the ear [ 11 ] . However, the apex of Brn3c null mutants, which retains most of the spiral neuron afferents at 6-month, shows no formation of mature hair cells at any time surveyed here (P0, P8, P10).
We processed four ears of P0 and P8 Brn3c null and control littermates for expression of BDNF and NT-3 using the riboprobes previously described [ 7 ] . We did not analyze neurotrophin expression in 6-month old animals as neurotrophins are downregulated in neonates [ 20 ] and no expression can be found even in normal animals [ 4 ] . In the canal cristae we expected, and found, only a BDNF signal.
The neurotrophins have long been implicated as the mediators for target mediated cell death.
For example, RP L18, which was significantly down-regulated by NGF, has been reported to negatively regulate double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-activated protein kinase (PKR) [ 45 ] . As an additional example RP S19, which is also down-regulated by NGF, has been implicated in erythropoiesis and has also been described as a monocyte chemotactic factor [ 46 ] . As one last example, rat RP L9 which we found to be up-regulated by NGF starting within a few hours and maximally by 8 hrs, has been shown to be the ortholog of the yeast gene grc5 which appears to be involved in multiple cellular functions including growth control, cytoskeleton control and energy metabolism [ 47 ] . Identification of NGF-regulated RPs should now facilitate exploration of their potential roles in the responses of cells to neurotrophins.
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