Words similar to ionizing
Example sentences for: ionizing
How can you use “ionizing” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
B7-1) on tumor cells [ 45 ] . Radiation has been shown to increase the expression of MHC class I and II molecules in tumor cell lines [ 46 47 ] . Thus, the tissue damage signals evoked by ionizing radiation may trigger the activation and infiltration of antigen-presenting cells, in particular dendritic cells [ 38 48 49 50 ] . Indeed, in the regression study, we observe some increase of tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells in the group receiving the single radiation treatment.
In response to DNA damage agents such as ionizing irradiation and chemical agent cisplatin, ATM kinase is activated, leading to a cascade of kinase reactions regulating cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA damage repair [ 14 15 ] . Many downstream target molecules of ATM kinase were so far identified.
Several methods are available to assay discontinuities in DNA, and for many applications, one of the several current methods may suffice [ 30 ] [ 31 32 33 34 35 36 ] . DNA backbone interruptions are key intermediates in genetic metabolism [ 37 ] [ 38 ] [ 39 ] [ 40 ] [ 41 42 ] [ 43 ] . Chemotherapy [ 44 ] , ionizing radiation [ 45 ] and dietary mutagens [ 46 ] also cause distributed DNA strand interruptions [ 47 ] . Chemical modifications [ 48 49 50 ] [ 51 ] need not break the DNA backbone to impede the progress of DNA polymerase.
In response to DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation or chemical agents such as cisplatin, ATM kinase is activated and phosphorylates a number of downstream regulatory proteins important for cell cycle arrest, growth control, apoptosis and DNA repair [ 25 26 27 28 ] . AT patients are known to be predisposed to a variety of cancers, and the fibroblasts of AT patients are hypersensitive to ionizing radiation [ 29 ] . Although many reports showed the association of ATM mutation with risk of a number of different human malignancies, including prostate cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle cell lymphoma, the underlying molecular mechanism by which ATM gene causes these changes are not well understood [ 30 31 32 33 34 35 ] . There is so far no study showing the association of ATM gene with any solid tumor.
used SAM to study the transcriptional response of lymphoblastoid cells to ionizing radiation, and they were successful in identifying 34 biologically meaningful genes.
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