Words similar to hypertrophic
Example sentences for: hypertrophic
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This could be either from increased Collagen X mRNA transcription within prehypertrophic and hypertrophic cells or from ectopic activation of Collagen X transcription in proliferating chondrocytes.
Whether the elevated Ihh mRNA levels originate from increased expression in cells that make Ihh normally (prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes) or from ectopic activation by the Hox transcription factors in proliferating cells, remains to be investigated.
Many studies have shown that chronic intravenous infusion of norepinephrine is sufficient to cause hypertrophy, and that various forms of hypertrophy are linked to a decrease in either beta-adrenergic receptor density or a decreased responsiveness to beta-adrenergic stimulation [ 46 48 49 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 ] . Barth, for example, showed that norepinephrine infusion induced left ventricular hypertrophy that could be prevented by an adrenergic-receptor blocker [ 58 ] . It has been suggested that ornithine decarboxylase is a link between beta-adrenoreceptors and stimulation of tissue growth factor, which results in hypertrophy [ 64 ] . However, recent studies have focused on alpha-adrenergic reception as a mediator of cardiac hypertrophy [ 35 ] , although some question the role of the alpha-adrenergic receptor as a hypertrophic mediator in vivo [ 34 ] . To date, no published studies of which we are aware have examined alpha-adrenergic reception and the development of cardiac hypertrophy with iron deficiency.
Combined with the fact that some, albeit fewer, hypertrophic cells are present, the accumulation of proliferating chondrocytes suggests that Hoxc-8 regulates the rate of progression of chondrocytes to maturity [ 1 ] . In line with this interpretation, the in vivo BrdU incorporation assays suggested that cell cycle progression of chondrocytes may be decreased in transgenic animals with higher Hoxc-8 transgene expression levels.
The proportion of hypertrophic cells was indeed reduced in Hoxc-8 transgenic mice, but progression to hypertrophy was not completely inhibited.
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