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Example sentences for: hypertrophic
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Iron deficiency has also been shown to lead to ventricular hypertrophy in developing rats [ 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 ] . While the mechanisms responsible for this hypertrophy have received little research attention, studies have documented an eccentric hypertrophic pattern [ 15 16 17 ] which has led investigators to suspect a ventricular volume overload at end diastole as a primary hypertrophic stimulus.
Many studies have shown that chronic intravenous infusion of norepinephrine is sufficient to cause hypertrophy, and that various forms of hypertrophy are linked to a decrease in either beta-adrenergic receptor density or a decreased responsiveness to beta-adrenergic stimulation [ 46 48 49 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 ] . Barth, for example, showed that norepinephrine infusion induced left ventricular hypertrophy that could be prevented by an adrenergic-receptor blocker [ 58 ] . It has been suggested that ornithine decarboxylase is a link between beta-adrenoreceptors and stimulation of tissue growth factor, which results in hypertrophy [ 64 ] . However, recent studies have focused on alpha-adrenergic reception as a mediator of cardiac hypertrophy [ 35 ] , although some question the role of the alpha-adrenergic receptor as a hypertrophic mediator in vivo [ 34 ] . To date, no published studies of which we are aware have examined alpha-adrenergic reception and the development of cardiac hypertrophy with iron deficiency.
At 10 days of age, the proband was noted to have a heart murmur and an echocardiogram revealed at that time, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with moderate left ventricular hypertrophy and a left ventricular shortening fraction of 30%.
This would be expected chronically to result in a eccentric hypertrophic pattern, a condition that we and others [ 15 17 ] have found in iron deficient rat hearts.
Comparisons of non-pressure vs. pressure-treated hypertrophic scars have shown that pressure supports the disappearance of α-SMA expressing myofibroblasts [ 54 ] . The data presented in this work suggest that body site differences in fibroblasts and wound tension are critical determinants of the keloid-less healing of palmoplantar wounds of keloid-prone individuals.
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