Words similar to heterotrimeric
Example sentences for: heterotrimeric
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Kinesin-interacting protein KAP3 that has armadillo repeats is thought to mediate cargo binding as part of a heterotrimeric complex with two kinesins in the KRP85/95 subfamily [ 18].
Signaling by the IGF-IR has been studied in many different cell types and is important for proliferation, survival, motility, adhesion, transformation, tumor formation and metastasis [for reviews see refs [ 31 32 ] ]. The receptor can directly phosphorylate the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and Shc proteins in the intact cell causing activation of PI-3Kinase and ras signaling [ 33 ] . More recently, it has been shown that the IGF-IR signals via the Gβγ subunits of the heterotrimeric Gi complex to stimulate PI-3Kinase and ras, and also activates the JAK/Stat pathway to cause phosphorylation of Stat3 [ 34 35 ] .
Bitter stimuli bind to T2R/TRB taste receptors coupled to a heterotrimeric G protein complex consisting of α-gustducin and its partners, β3 and γ13.
In addition to their well characterized role at the PM in coupling activated GPCRs to effector proteins, heterotrimeric G proteins have been implicated in a variety of other cellular functions, including membrane trafficking pathways.
It has been postulated that activation of these kinases allows GPCR agonists to modulate such diverse molecular events as cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival [ 1 ] . To date, all three cloned opioid receptor types (μ,δ, κ) and the closely related nociceptin receptor have demonstrated the ability to signal through their heterotrimeric G proteins (G i or G o ) to at least one type of MAPK [ 2 3 4 ] . Among the members of this family that are activated by opioids, are the two extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (p44 MAPK(ERK 1) and p42 MAPK(ERK 2)) [ 5 ] and the p38 protein kinase [ 3 ] . However, the precise mechanism by which OR stimulation produces an increase in MAPK activity is still unknown and under investigation.
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