Words similar to gtpases
Example sentences for: gtpases
How can you use “gtpases” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
The genes identified by these mutations encode extracellular proteins, cell surface receptors, fibroblast growth factor-like proteins and their receptors, adhesion molecules, small GTPases, non-muscle myosins and transcription factors.
Rab proteins comprise a large family of Ras-related GTPases that function in the anterograde and retrograde trafficking of proteins in mammalian cells [ 1 2 3 ] . Different Rab proteins reside in specific subcellular membranes or organelles, where they mediate vesicular transport between discrete donor and acceptor compartments in the endocytic or exocytic pathways [ 4 5 ] . Detailed studies of a few Rab proteins ( e.g .; Rab1, Rab5 and Rab9) have led to a general model wherein Rab proteins are presumed to cycle on and off donor and acceptor membranes in connection with changes in their guanine nucleotide state [ 6 7 8 ] . In the active GTP-bound state, Rab proteins associate with budding transport vesicles [ 9 10 11 ] and appear to participate in the assembly of membrane docking complexes [ 12 13 14 ] . Following vesicle fusion with the acceptor compartment and GTP hydrolysis, the inactive GDP-bound Rab is extracted from the membrane by a carrier protein termed guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) [ 15 16 17 ] . The GTPase can then re-enter the transport cycle through nucleotide exchange promoted by a specific exchange factor at the donor vesicle membrane [ 18 19 20 ] . In addition to changes in guanine nucleotide state, the posttranslational prenylation of Rab proteins plays an important role in the cycling mechanism.
Isoprenylation serves to target the GTPases to the proper organelle membrane, where their actions often relate to cytoskeletal dynamics and/or vesicle trafficking [20,42].
Interestingly, inhibition of Rho-p160ROCK has recently been shown to give similar lymphocyte morphology as inhibition of Rho with C3 [ 50 ] . Another interesting candidate may be p120 PKN, as recent studies have established that PKN phosphorylates cytoskeletal intermediate filaments [ 47 ] and is directly linked to the cytoskeletal network through associations with α-actinin [ 48 ] . Also, PKN may be involved in relating cytoplasmic signals to the nucleus, for in response to stress, nuclear translocation of PKN occurs [ 49 ] . This is particularly important in light of previous work demonstrating that inactivation of Rho in peripheral blood T lymphocytes inhibits costimulatory signals up-regulating IL-2 production [ 25 ] . Future experiments will focus on determining the relationship of Rho GTPases and the regulation of T cell morphology [ 25 51 52 ] .
The Rho family of GTPases is largely responsible for maintenance of cell shape in a variety of cell types, and this involves regulation of the actin cytoskeleton.
Loading...