Words similar to cyclin-dependent
Example sentences for: cyclin-dependent
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PTEN is altered or deleted in many human cancers [ 7 8 9 10 ] . In-vitro, cells that are deficient in PTEN show elevated PI-3Kinase signaling [ 11 ] . Reintroduction of PTEN in a variety of cancer cells, including glioma, breast, bladder and ovarian cancer cells, causes G1 arrest, inhibits tumorigenesis, and promotes anoikis [ 12 13 14 ] . Mechanistically, Akt activity is decreased, cell motility is decreased, expression of two cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p27 and p21 is increased, cyclin D1 is down-regulated, Rb phosphorylation is inhibited, and signaling via Grb2/SOS is suppressed [ 11 15 ] . The link between PTEN and cell growth is underscored by genetic experiments in mice.
PFD, pelvic floor disorders; p27, p27 kip1; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; CL, corpus luteum or corpora lutea; cdk, cyclin-dependent kinase; p21, p21 Cip1/WAF1.
As expected in the case of anchorage-dependent cells, the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases was strongly reduced and cell proliferation was inhibited under these suspension culture conditions (not shown).
One of the major cellular serine/threonine protein phosphatases is protein phosphatase type 1 (PP1) [ 1 ] . An abundant enzyme expressed in all cells, complex regulation of PP1 is thought to be essential for proper temporal and spatial regulation of PP1 catalytic activity towards individual substrates [ 2 ] . Three different isotypes of the catalytic subunit, designated PP1α, PP1δ, and PP1γ1, are expressed in many different cell types [ 3 ] . Studies employing many eukaryotic systems all point to a crucial role for PP1 activity in controlling cell cycle progression, and an absolute requirement of this activity for mitotic exit [ 4 5 6 7 ] . There is also evidence to suggest that phosphorylation of PP1 and its associated proteins by the cyclin-dependent kinases may regulate PP1 activity in a cell cycle stage-dependent manner [ 8 9 10 ] . Hence, current efforts are directed towards identification of cell cycle-dependent substrates for PP1, and how regulation of PP1 activity towards these substrates controls the cell division cycle.
Another group of genes encoding three enzymes (PLK (Polo-like kinase), CDKN3 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3/p27-Kip1), CDC25A (cell division cycle 25A)) and a transcription factor (E2F1, E2F transcription factor 1) involved in the control of the cell cycle were grouped (Figure 7g).
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