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Example sentences for: cleaves
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Previous studies have shown that E. coli DNA topoisomerase I cleavage of single-stranded DNA occurs with selectivity for sites with the C nucleotide base at the - 4 position [ 9 10 ] and that the enzyme preferentially cleaves at junctions of double-stranded and single-stranded DNA [ 8 ] . Several different 5'-end labeled substrates were prepared and used in cleavage assays to compare the cleavage sites selected by Top67 versus topoisomerase I. The results showed that with single-stranded substrates, Top67 also preferred cleavage sites with a C nucleotide base at the -4 position as reported for most of the type IA topoisomerases [ 12 ] . There were some differences from topoisomerase I in the relative distribution of cleavage products among the potential cleavage sites (Figure 4a,4b).
Human Fhit [ 14 ] and the S. cerevisiae Fhit homolog [ 13 ] , which was called Aph1 but is here termed Hnt2 under nomenclature aproved by the Saccharomyces Genome Database, cleave ApppA more readily while Aph1, the S. pombe homolog, cleaves AppppA more readily [ 20 ] . Consistent with the ApppA hydrolase activity of purified Fhit protein, most cancer cell lines that are Fhit negative at the protein level have higher levels of ApppA than cell lines that are Fhit positive [ 21 ] . Nonetheless, the actual concentrations of dinucleoside polyphosphates were submicromolar in every cell culture sample [ 21 ] and thus, under the reported culture conditions, the measured dinucleoside polyphosphates would not be expected to occupy the Fhit active site substantially [ 19 ] . Dinucleoside polyphosphate levels were measured in adenine-requiring S. cerevisiae strains before or after disruption of the Fhit-homologous HNT2 gene [ 13 ] and in adenine-requiring S. pombe strains as a function of disruption and overexpression of the Fhit-homologous aph1 gene [ 22 ] . Recently, it was observed that diadenosine polyphosphates undergo a divalent cation-dependent conformational change that might mediate their biosynthesis, catabolism or signaling properties [ 23 ] .
Trypsin cleaves peptide bonds at the carboxyl side of either arginine or lysine residues.
RNAseH cleaves the RNA strand in a RNA:DNA heteroduplex, but it does not cleave DNA or RNA that is not hybridized to DNA.
The commentariat cleaves roughly along ideological lines.