Words similar to tumors
Example sentences for: tumors
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MCF7 cells are sensitive to rapamycin analogs in the low nM range [ 33 ] . A potential problem with the use of rapamycin and its analogs is that some tumors are intrinsically resistant to its effects [ 33 34 ] . Resistance in mammalian cells has been associated with decreased expression of 4EBP-1 [ 35 ] , mutations in the ATM protein [ 36 ] , and low level expression of p27 Kip1due to enhanced turnover of the protein [ 37 ] . In addition, it has been demonstrated that fibroblasts from p27 Kip1knockout mice are more resistant to the effects of rapamycin than normal cells [ 37 ] . Thus p27 Kip1is an important mediator of cell growth inhibition in response to rapamycin.
The human FHIT gene, located at the chromosome 3 fragile site FRA3B, is inactivated early in the development of many tumors [ 1 ] . Murine Fhit is also located at a fragile site [ 2 3 ] and mice heterozygous for disruption of Fhit , given low intragastric doses of the mutagen N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine, develop stomach and sebaceous tumors [ 4 ] that can be prevented by viral Fhit expression [ 5 ] . Fhit, a dimer of 147 amino acid subunits, is a member of the histidine triad (HIT) superfamily of nucleotide hydrolases and transferases [ 6 7 ] . Members of the Hint branch of the HIT superfamily are found in all forms of life [ 8 ] . The S. cerevisiae Hint homolog, Hnt1, and rabbit Hint possess adenosine monophosphoramidase activity that functions in yeast to positively regulate function of Kin28, Ccl1 and Tfb3, which constitute the kinase component of general transcription factor TFIIH [ 9 ] . A new Hint related protein, Aprataxin, is mutated in individuals with ataxia with oculomotor apraxia [ 10 11 ] and has a yeast homolog termed Hnt3 [ 9 ] . Members of the Fhit branch of the HIT superfamily have been found in fungi [ 12 13 ] , animals [ 2 14 15 ] and plants [ 7 ] and hydrolyze diadenosine tetraphosphate, diadenosine triphosphate and other 5'-5"'-dinucleoside polyphosphates.
In addition, BRCA1 antisense tumors averaged twice the size of control tumors.
In order to measure the variation in gene expression between individual Affymetrix oligonucleotide arrays, the labeled cRNA target prepared from tumors 5A and 5B were each hybridized to two different U95A chips.
It would be of interest to determine if these tumors express nonfunctional hERα and, as a result, do not respond to hormonal therapy.
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