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Example sentences for: triphosphatases
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Further iterations, run to convergence, recovered the soluble mammalian thiamine triphosphatases (3 × 10 -4), and the N-terminal region of E. coli YgiF.
This is not a straw-man issue, given that S. cerevisiae encodes two homologous RNA triphosphatases (Cet1 and Cth1), of which only Cet1 is essential for capping and cell viability [ 8 15 ] . We use classical genetic approaches to show that the respective genes encoding RNA triphosphatase and RNA guanylyltransferase are essential in S. pombe.
Here we have shown that the RNA triphosphatases Pct1 and CaCet1 are essential for viability of S. pombe and C. albicans, respectively The conclusion that CaCet1 is essential is based on a finding that none of the 54 independent isolates in the single-transformation test were homozygous for cacet1Δ; our interpretation is consistent with criteria established by Mitchell and colleagues for inference of essentiality using this genetic approach.
To address these issues, we have characterized the RNA triphosphatases of two other fungi, including the human pathogen Candida albicans and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe [ 10 11 12 ] . The fungal triphosphatases, S. cerevisiae Cet1, C. albicans CaCet1 and S. pombe Pct1, belong to a new family of metal-dependent phosphohydrolases that embraces the triphosphatase components of DNA virus and protozoan mRNA capping systems [ 1 7 13 14 ] . The defining features of the metal-dependent RNA triphosphatases are two glutamate-containing motifs that are required for catalysis and comprise the metal-binding site in the crystal structure of S. cerevisiae Cet1.
Analogous active sites, that coordinate two metal ions, are observed in domains with similar activities, such as the classical adenylyl/guanylyl cyclases, family B DNA polymerases, pol-β fold nucleotidyl transferases, and triphosphatases or phosphoesterases of the HD and DHH superfamilies [ 11 15 19 20 ] . Consistent with these observations, both CyaB and ThTPase have been shown to require Mg 2+ions for their nucleotide cyclase and phosphatase activities [ 16 17 ] .
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