Words similar to suppressors
Example sentences for: suppressors
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The signal sequence is crucial for efficient translocation; mutations in the signal sequence significantly reduce export of the preprotein and complete deletions of the signal sequence eliminate essentially all export [ 5 6 7 8 ] . Selection for extragenic suppressors of such export defective preproteins led to the identification of the prl alleles of secY ( prlA ), secE ( prlG ), secA ( prlD ), and more recently secG ( prlH ) [ 6 9 10 11 ] . Early hypotheses predicted that the Prl suppressors function by expanded or altered interactions with signal sequences, facilitating recognition of mutant as well as wild type signal sequences [ 6 ] .
In support of this notion, the p27 protein has been identified as a target of viral oncoproteins [ 5 6 ] . However, unlike traditional tumor suppressors, the p27 gene rarely shows homozygous inactivation in cancer cells [ 7 8 9 ] , a finding that points towards alternative mechanisms of p27 inactivation.
A recent study suggests that animal viruses encode suppressors of RNA-mediated silencing (Li et al.
The requirement for tight regulation, easy titration and minimal background expression is particularly important in the study of genes such as tumor suppressors or cell cycle regulatory genes for which cell lines stably expressing the product can rarely be made.
More recent observations support an alternative mechanism of action for the PrlA/SecY and PrlG/SecE suppressors [ 8 12 ] . First, PrlA/G-mediated suppression does not exhibit allele specificity; all prlA and all prlG alleles that have been examined suppress all signal sequence mutations, implying that suppression is not due to a specific altered interaction that allows recognition of a mutant signal sequence [ 8 12 ] . Furthermore, all of the prlA and prlG alleles suppress complete deletions of the signal sequence, suggesting that an interaction between the signal sequence and the Prl suppressor is not necessary for suppression or even for export [ 5 8 13 ] . Based on these observations, it was proposed that the PrlA and PrlG suppressors do not function through altered interactions with signal sequences, but rather by loss of recognition [ 8 12 ] . The wild type SecE and SecY proteins are thought to function in concert to proofread the signal sequence of secretory proteins, rejecting defective precursors from the export pathway.
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