Words similar to sulfonate
Example sentences for: sulfonate
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Mutagenesis of SWY2089 and SWY2090 with ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS; Sigma, St. Louis, MO) was performed as described with the following modifications [ 67 ] . First, cells were mutagenized for 60, 75, and 90 minutes, followed by plating a fraction of the culture to determine cell viability at 23°.
500,000; Pharmacia, Kalamazoo, MI); poly(naphthalene sulfonate) (BASF, Parsippany, NJ); poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) (Polysciences, Inc., Warrington, PA); and Carbomer 974P (B.
They include: (1) sulfate esters of polysaccharides {carrageenan [ 1 16 17 18 19 ] , cellulose sulfate [ 12 13 14 15 ] , and dextran or dextrin sulfate [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ] }; (2) aryl sulfonates {poly(naphthalene sulfonate) [ 22 23 24 ] and poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) [ 20 21 ] }; and (3) aliphatic {Carbomer 974P/BufferGel [ 25 26 27 28 29 ] } and aromatic carboxylates {CAP [ 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 ] }. The anti-HIV-1 properties of these polymers are expected to depend on their complexation with virus proteins which is likely to occur mainly through the formation of salt linkages or ion pairs between oppositely charged groups on the polymers and virus proteins, respectively [ 56 ] . However, the anti-HIV-1 properties of these polymers may depend not only on their charge density, but also on the characteristics of their uncharged portions, which may be involved in hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions which can elicit profound conformational changes in hydrophobic regions of proteins and cause disassembly of complex proteins consisting of subunits [ 57 ] . For these reasons it is not be expected that all anionic polymers, considered as anti-HIV-1 microbicides, would have similar biological activities.
While CAP, carrageenan and BufferGel (Carbomer 974P) had moderate or no effects, cellulose sulfate, dextran sulfate, poly(napthalene sulfonate) and poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) greatly inhibited clotting of ACD plasma (Fig.
On the other hand, only poly(napthalene sulfonate), in addition to CAP, elicited detectable six-helix bundle formation in HIV-1 BaL.
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