Words similar to sulfonate
Example sentences for: sulfonate
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These polymers belong to several classes: (1) sulfate esters of polysaccharides (dextrin and dextran sulfates [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ] ; cellulose sulfate [ 12 13 14 15 ] ; sulfate esters of galactose + 3,6-anhydrogalactose copolymers {carrageenan; [ 1 16 17 18 19 ] }); (2) polymers containing sulfonated benzene or naphthalene rings {poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) [ 20 21 ] } and naphthalene sulfonate polymers {PRO2000 [ 22 23 24 ] }; and (3) polycarboxylates (acrylic acid polymers {Carbomer 974P; BufferGel [ 25 26 27 28 29 ] }); and acetyl phthaloyl cellulose {cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) [ 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 ] }.
While CAP, carrageenan and BufferGel (Carbomer 974P) had moderate or no effects, cellulose sulfate, dextran sulfate, poly(napthalene sulfonate) and poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) greatly inhibited clotting of ACD plasma (Fig.
4show that carrageenan, cellulose sulfate, dextran sulfate, poly(napthalene sulfonate) and poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) all elicit gp41 six-helix bundle formation in HIV-1 IIIB but somewhat less effectively in comparison with CAP.
In repeated experiments with HIV-1 IIIB, soluble and micronized CAP, cellulose sulfate, poly(naphthalene sulfonate), poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) and BufferGel, respectively, caused a ≥ 140-fold reduction in infectivity, while dextran sulfate, carrageenan and Carbomer 974P (pH 7), respectively, were less effective (4- to 25-fold reduction in infectivity).
They include: dextran sulfate [ 34 35 ] , carrageenans [ 35 36 ] , dextrin-2-sulfate [ 37 38 ] , cellulose sulfate [ 39 ] and naphthalene sulfonate polymer (PRO 2000; [ 40 ] ). Except for dextrin-2-sulfate and PRO 2000, which appear to have anti-HIV-1 inhibitory activities similar to that of CAP, the other sulfonated polymers are less inhibitory [ 34 35 41 ] . HIV-1 may develop resistance to the inhibitory effect of dextran sulfate and R5 viruses were reported not to be inhibited by this polymer [ 42 43 ] . Dextran sulfate was shown to bind to gp120 and to interfere with gp120/CXCR4 interactions but it did not bind to gp120 of R5 viruses [ 43 ] .
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