Words similar to sulfonates
Example sentences for: sulfonates
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9indicate that the polymers differed from each other more substantially with respect to their capacity to inactivate HIV-1 BaL, micronized CAP, cellulose sulfate, BufferGel and the aryl sulfonates being most effective.
They include: (1) sulfate esters of polysaccharides {carrageenan [ 1 16 17 18 19 ] , cellulose sulfate [ 12 13 14 15 ] , and dextran or dextrin sulfate [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ] }; (2) aryl sulfonates {poly(naphthalene sulfonate) [ 22 23 24 ] and poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) [ 20 21 ] }; and (3) aliphatic {Carbomer 974P/BufferGel [ 25 26 27 28 29 ] } and aromatic carboxylates {CAP [ 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 ] }. The anti-HIV-1 properties of these polymers are expected to depend on their complexation with virus proteins which is likely to occur mainly through the formation of salt linkages or ion pairs between oppositely charged groups on the polymers and virus proteins, respectively [ 56 ] . However, the anti-HIV-1 properties of these polymers may depend not only on their charge density, but also on the characteristics of their uncharged portions, which may be involved in hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions which can elicit profound conformational changes in hydrophobic regions of proteins and cause disassembly of complex proteins consisting of subunits [ 57 ] . For these reasons it is not be expected that all anionic polymers, considered as anti-HIV-1 microbicides, would have similar biological activities.
In most cases, these are mixtures with variable numbers of sulfonates and/or positions of the sulfonates on the ring.
Among the sulfonates and polysaccharide sulfates, carrageenan and poly(napthalene sulfonate) had lower anti-coagulant activity in comparison with cellulose sulfate, dextran sulfate and poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) (Fig.
This might be due to the polysaccharide backbone of cellulose [ 60 ] with a propensity to form strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds and to be involved in hydrophobic interactions more than soluble dextrans [ 61 ] and galactose + 3,6-anhydrogalactose copolymers (= the saccharide moiety of carrageenan) [ 62 63 ] . Among the two polymers containing aryl sulfonates, poly(napthalene sulfonate) was more effective than poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) with respect to induction of gp41 six-helix bundles in HIV-1 BaL.
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