Words similar to substitution
Example sentences for: substitution
How can you use “substitution” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Earlier studies have shown that DAP, in DNA fragments, can widen the minor groove, as detected by reactivity towards uranyl nitrate or susceptibility to Dnase cleavage [ 29 ] , and can relieve compressions in the minor groove associated with A-tracts [ 30 ] . In contrast, NMR and molecular modeling studies of an oligonucleotide duplex containing MeC have demonstrated that, while this duplex still has a B-DNA conformation, there are differences in the structural parameters and thermal stability relative to the unmodified duplex [ 31 ] . An earlier study also found, in two closely related octanucleotide duplexes, that although the methylated duplexes retained their B-DNA conformation, different structural and thermal stability effects were seen [ 32 ] . Although these studies have been carried out with DNA-DNA and not DNA-RNA duplexes, it is possible that MeC substitution may have different structural consequences than DAP substitution.
A single conservative substitution (V637I) was noted within the transmembrane domain of the P/J strain.
The alanine at position 16 was previously identified as a critical residue in the LcrG-LcrV interaction [ 20 ] . Two mutations were characterized at this position (A16R and A16D) and they failed to interact with LcrV, showing that single substitutions of this kind can disrupt the LcrG-LcrV interaction [ 20 ] . Additional data from this study showed that a substitution of the leucine at position 30 with an arginine also prevented the LcrG-LcrV interaction in yeast (Table 2).
b) Substitution
We take as our starting points Sueoka's hypothesis that genome composition is largely determined by mutation bias, specifically the ratio of AT→GC to GC→AT mutations [ 3, 29, 32], and Muto and Osawa's demonstration that different types of sequence, and the three codon positions within exon sequences, vary in their response to genome GC content with the third position changing the fastest, which suggests that the different observed substitution rates might be explained by the differential effects of mutation [ 53].
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