Words similar to reactive
Example sentences for: reactive
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The selective suppression of Th1 cell activity is believed to be due to IL-10 inhibition of IL-12, a differentiation factor for Th1 cells [ 11 12 ] . The release of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates by macrophages is also suppressed by IL-10 [ 13 14 ] . In addition, IL-10 stimulates the production of cytokine inhibitors such as IL-1 receptor antagonist [ 15 ] . In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, IL-10 is produced by synovial membrane cells and is found at high levels in the synovial fluid [ 16 17 ] . It has been shown that suppression of IL-10 production by synovial cells is associated with increased levels of IL-1 and TNF-α, suggesting that IL-10 plays a suppressive role in rheumatoid arthritis joints [ 16 ] . It was also observed that IL-10 directly stimulated proteoglycan synthesis and reversed the cartilage degradation induced by activated mononuclear cells [ 18 ] . These immunosuppressive activities indicate that IL-10 is a potential therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases.
C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, and fibrinogen were all positively associated with increased smoking intensity ( p ≤ 0.01) and were all significantly negatively associated with time since smoking cessation ( p <0.
The direct associations of C-reactive protein with mortality decrement seen in these other studies—and the dose–response seen in our own study—suggest the latter.
Despite limitations of the study, including possible errors from self-reporting and lack of data on second-hand smoke and newer measures such as interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, the inflammatory markers studied here demonstrated a much clearer trend and longer-lasting effect after smoking cessation than traditional risk factors, and hence were more useful and accurate markers of disease.
Although the origin of the GshA gene cannot be unequivocally determined, it is most plausible to suppose that it arose in cyanobacteria, which would have been the first cells to require the protection conferred by γ-Glu-Cys against reactive oxygen species.
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