Example sentences for: pkn
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Interestingly, inhibition of Rho-p160ROCK has recently been shown to give similar lymphocyte morphology as inhibition of Rho with C3 [ 50 ] . Another interesting candidate may be p120 PKN, as recent studies have established that PKN phosphorylates cytoskeletal intermediate filaments [ 47 ] and is directly linked to the cytoskeletal network through associations with α-actinin [ 48 ] . Also, PKN may be involved in relating cytoplasmic signals to the nucleus, for in response to stress, nuclear translocation of PKN occurs [ 49 ] . This is particularly important in light of previous work demonstrating that inactivation of Rho in peripheral blood T lymphocytes inhibits costimulatory signals up-regulating IL-2 production [ 25 ] . Future experiments will focus on determining the relationship of Rho GTPases and the regulation of T cell morphology [ 25 51 52 ] .
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Obvious human members of the OPK XIII (PKN prokaryotic protein kinases) subfamily were not found, although AJ336398_EPK1 may represent a distant family member, and human members of the ULK branch are approximately 40% identical to bacterial OPK XIII family members.
These include p150 RhoA-binding kinase α and β (p150 ROKα and β) [ 40 41 ] , p160 Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (Rho-p160ROCK) [ 42 ] , p164 Rho kinase [ 43 ] , p120 protein kinase N (p120 PKN) [ 44 45 ] , and PKC-related kinase-2 (PRK-2) [ 46 ] . These kinases specifically bind to the GTP bound form of Rho, except for PRK-2, which can bind both Rho and Rac GTPases.
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