Words similar to oncogenes
Example sentences for: oncogenes
How can you use “oncogenes” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
For example, the expression of a number of oncogenes, proto-oncogenes, and reduced or absence of expression of recessive oncogenes has been postulated to provide diagnostic and/or prognostic information in human cancers [e.g.
Indeed, since tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is known to suppress hepatic apoptosis [ 9 ] , a function which is considered a safeguard mechanism against neoplasia [ 10 11 ] , the reported ability of RU486 to elevate hepatic TNFα production in vivo and to enhance cell sensitivity to its toxic effects is alarming [ 12 ] . Glucocorticoids also inhibit hepatocellular proliferation [ 13 14 15 ] and modulate the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes [ 11 ] , via mechanisms involving the glucocorticoid receptor [ 16 17 18 ] , further supporting the notion that inhibiting these receptors may result in harmful effects.
The cell surface expressed integrins can control this process by physically interacting with the extracellular matrix proteins and other cell surface proteins on endothelial cells lining the blood vessel wall [ 1 ] . These integrins signal adhesion and migration by communicating with several tyrosine kinases inside the cell, including the Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Src family kinases [ 1 2 ] . Src kinases control the activation of FAK, as well as the tyrosine phosphorylation of critical substrates that regulate adhesion and migration [ 3 ] . Indeed, colon cancer cells with high metastatic potential have elevated levels of Src activity or activating mutations in the Src gene [ 4 5 ] . One Src substrate that is involved in regulating an important signaling node in this process is the adaptor protein p130 cas (Cas) [ 6 7 8 9 10 ] . Cas appears to play a central role in the transformation process by several oncogenes including ras, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), v-Src, v-crk, and Bcr-Abl, as these tumors all have elevated levels of tyrosine phosphorylated Cas [ 6 11 12 13 ] . Cells from mice that lack Cas have much reduced migration and are resistant to transformation by v-Src, while expression of Cas anti-sense RNA in cells transformed with ras, v-Src or ODC result in reversion of the transformed phenotype [ 11 14 15 ] . Furthermore, increased expression of Cas can rescue cell migration and adhesion in cells expressing the tumor suppressor PTEN, and can enhance cell migration and adhesion in normal cells, with a major role being played by the substrate domain [ 16 17 ] .
There were oncogenes and there were tumour suppressor genes.
Indeed this may be universal for oncogenes, since we are not aware of instances when anchorage dependent cells fail to enter a plateau phase in tissue culture.
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