Example sentences for: npcs
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Electron dense structures resembling NPCs were also embedded in membranes distinct from the nucleus/NE (Figure 4F).
The global architectures of the yeast and vertebrate NPCs are highly similar, although there may be differences in the core ring structures [ 4 ] . Genetic and biochemical studies in yeast have identified ~30 NPC proteins (termed nucleoporins, Nups) that comprise the estimated ~44 MDa structure [ 5 ] . Recent proteomic analysis has determined that mammalian NPCs are also comprised of ~30 different proteins [ 6 ] ; however, the overall size of the vertebrate NPC is predicted to be larger [ 3 6 7 8 ] . Despite their size differences, yeast and vertebrate NPCs are responsible for identical transport reactions, and therefore, both structures are predicted to be functionally equivalent [ 9 ] .
The three dimensional structure of NPCs from both Xenopus and budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is characterized by distinct substructures that are arranged with an 8-fold rotational symmetry [ 3 ] . Eight spoke-like structures form the central NPC core and are flanked on the cytoplasmic and nuclear sides by ring structures.
This strategy was based on the ability to functionally express GFP-nucleoporin fusions, and the assumption that NPC a ssembly/mislocalization mutants expressing a GFP-nucleoporin would have distinct fluorescence properties [ 26 ] . In wild type yeast cells, fluorescence microscopy localization of proteins at NPCs appears as punctate staining of virtually the entire nuclear rim circumference (see Figure 2).
However, we did not observe clusters of herniated NPCs in sec13-G176R/npa2-1 cells suggesting the sec13-14 and sec13-34 alleles in the Hurt study are distinct [ 41 ] . Precisely how Sec13p influences NPC structure/function remains to be elucidated.