Words similar to mutans
Example sentences for: mutans
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The greater the consumption of dietary sucrose, the greater the fall in pH and fraction of acidogenic, acid tolerant bacteria in tooth adherent plaques [ 10 11 ] . The number of these bacteria (mostly mutans streptococci and lactobacilli), and the fluoride content, discriminate between severe and mild caries in 12-15 year-old children [ 12 13 ] . Acid-tolerant bacteria require D-alanyl glycerol lipoteichoic acid (D-alanyl LTA) in their membranes and cell surfaces [ 14 ] . D-alanyl LTA is made by esterifying carboxyl-activated D-alanine to glycerol in membrane LTA by means of a D-alanyl-carrier enzyme, DCP [ 15 ] . Strains of
Streptococcus mutans in which DCP is inactive do not initiate growth at below pH 6.5 and make glycerol LTA without D-alanine [ 14 ] . In the DCP active strains, soluble D-Alanyl LTA is extruded into culture fluid in vitro [ 16 17 ] or plaque in vivo [ 18 ] . The D-alanyl esters are stable at pH 6.0 at 37°C, but hydrolyze to free D-alanine and LTA with a half-life of 3.9 h at pH 8.0 [ 19 ] . Healthy gingival sulci have a pH of 6.5 - 7.5 and inflamed sulci a pH of 7.5-8.
An increased mutans streptococcal challenge accompanying low plaque pH (high antibody response to D-alanyl LTA) allows much of the variation in caries experience to be controlled by water fluoridation and by the use of fluoridated dentrifices associated with maintaining oral health.
D-alanyl LTA, but not D-alanine-free LTA, is present in culture filtrates of Streptococcus mutans GS5 [ 17 ] . Bacteria were grown at 37°C in trypticase soy broth to late stationary phase (96 h), when the maximal amount of antigen is extruded into the culture fluid [ 18 ] . After centrifugation to remove the bacteria, culture fluid (10 1) was concentrated 20-fold over a YM10 Diaflo Membrane filter (Amicon Corp., Beverley, MA).
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