Words similar to mitogenic
Example sentences for: mitogenic
How can you use “mitogenic” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
This is consistent with previous observations that M6P/IGF2R knockout mice displayed generalized increased growth and cardiomygaly (resulting from cardiac myocyte hyperplasia) [ 34 ] , and that antisense-mediated reduction of M6P/IGF2R expression enhances tumorigenicity in JEG-3 cells [ 43 ] . Thus, loss or mutation of M6P/IGF2R may contribute to development and progression of tumors via different pathways: by increasing the mitogenic activity of IGF-II and decreasing the apoptotic signaling of TGF-β and lysosomal proteases.
There is most likely a large protein complex assembled at the SRE composed of regulated transcription factors, coactivators, and the basal transcriptional machinery, resulting in rapid transcription of the c-fos gene in response to mitogenic stimulation.
It has been proposed that vitamin E may incorporate into cellular membranes by association of the tocopherol side chain with the polyenoic fatty acid residues in the membrane fatty acids [ 15 19 ] . This interaction may stabilize cell membranes by making highly unsaturated fatty acids less liable to peroxidation as well as by making highly unsaturated fatty acids less available for phospholipid hydrolysis by phospholipase [ 15 16 ] . The latter action may reduce mobilization of arachidonic acid (AA) from the membranes and in this way reduce the amount of AA available as a substrate to cyclooxygenase and/or lipoxygenase to produce eicosanoids with mitogenic and with inflammatory properties [ 17 20 ] . Other possible antitumor actions include: induction of apoptosis, interference with hormone production, modulation of cellular signaling and gene transcription, and induction of differentiation [ 4 21 22 23 24 ] .
Modulation of this mitogenic pathway occurs in part via the M6P/IGF2R, which functions in the internalization and degradation of IGF-II [ 10 ] . M6P/IGF2R is also important in activation of TGF-β, a potent growth inhibitor for most cell types, and in binding, transport and activation of lysosomal enzymes, such as cathepsins [ 12 13 ] . It has been shown that M6P/IGF2R expression is significantly reduced in both rat and human hepatocellular carcinomas [ 14 ] . Loss of hetorozygosity (LOH) at the M6P/IGF2 receptor gene locus on 6q26-27 coupled with somatic point mutations in the remaining allele has recently been demonstrated in liver and breast cancers [ 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 ] . In addition, somatic mutations of the M6P/IGF2R gene were also found in prostate cancer, lung carcinoma, and genetically unstable cancers of the endometrium, brain, stomach and colorectum [ 24 25 26 27 28 29 ] . The findings of LOH and mutations of M6P/IGF2R in a wide variety of tumor types have led to the proposition that the M6P/IGF2R is a tumor suppressor gene.
The BRCA1 gene product may be involved in the regulation of hormone response pathways, and the present results demonstrate that loss of BRCA1 may result in loss of inhibitory control of these mitogenic pathways.
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