Words similar to igf-ii
Example sentences for: igf-ii
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Elegant studies in knockout mice have delineated the contribution of IGF-I, IGF-II and the IGF-I receptor to fetal growth [for review see ref [ 36 ] ]. Embryonic fibroblasts derived from IGF-IR knockout embryos (R-cells) do not grow in serum-free medium, despite supplementation with a wide variety of other growth factors, and grow more slowly in media containing serum than wild-type cells [for reviews see refs [ 37 38 ] ]. Additionally, all phases of the cell cycle are prolonged in the null cells suggesting that the IGF-IR is required throughout the cell cycle.
For treatment with IGF-II, cells were incubated with 50 ng/ml IGF-II after infection with Ad-GFP/IGF2R-Rz or Ad-GFP.
Ad-GFP, adenovirus carrying GFP gene; Ad-GFP/Rz-IGF2R, adenovirus carrying both ribozyme against M6P/IGF2R and GFP gene; GFP, green fluorescent protein; IGF-II, insulin-like growth factor II; M6P/IGF2R, mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor; Rz, ribozyme, TGF-β transforming growth factor beta.
Numerous studies have shown that polypeptide growth factors such as insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are mitogens for breast cancer cells [ 6 7 8 9 ] . The IGF-I and IGF-II signal through a common tyrosine kinase receptor, the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), and have mitogenic and cell survival actions that may promote tumor development.
Most importantly, however, the lethal nature of an M6P/IGF2R-null phenotype is reversed in an IGF-II-null background [ 34 ] . Although we did not measure extracellular levels of IGF-II, our results show that ribozyme-mediated down-regulation of M6P/IGF2R leads to a decrease in IGF-II internalization, supporting the above possibility.
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