Words similar to hydrolases
Example sentences for: hydrolases
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The human FHIT gene, located at the chromosome 3 fragile site FRA3B, is inactivated early in the development of many tumors [ 1 ] . Murine Fhit is also located at a fragile site [ 2 3 ] and mice heterozygous for disruption of Fhit , given low intragastric doses of the mutagen N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine, develop stomach and sebaceous tumors [ 4 ] that can be prevented by viral Fhit expression [ 5 ] . Fhit, a dimer of 147 amino acid subunits, is a member of the histidine triad (HIT) superfamily of nucleotide hydrolases and transferases [ 6 7 ] . Members of the Hint branch of the HIT superfamily are found in all forms of life [ 8 ] . The S. cerevisiae Hint homolog, Hnt1, and rabbit Hint possess adenosine monophosphoramidase activity that functions in yeast to positively regulate function of Kin28, Ccl1 and Tfb3, which constitute the kinase component of general transcription factor TFIIH [ 9 ] . A new Hint related protein, Aprataxin, is mutated in individuals with ataxia with oculomotor apraxia [ 10 11 ] and has a yeast homolog termed Hnt3 [ 9 ] . Members of the Fhit branch of the HIT superfamily have been found in fungi [ 12 13 ] , animals [ 2 14 15 ] and plants [ 7 ] and hydrolyze diadenosine tetraphosphate, diadenosine triphosphate and other 5'-5"'-dinucleoside polyphosphates.
Even if the two condensation reactions, in very general terms, could be considered a reversal of the polysaccharide hydrolysis reaction, there is no indication that polysaccharide hydrolases could bind and hydrolyze ATP, and the multiple alignment of the MJ1477 family did not include any conserved signatures typical of potential phosphate-binding loops (Figure 1).
These include the cell-wall hydrolases typified by the Pal protein from streptococcal phages [ 24, 25] and the amidase domain of the bacterial and kinetoplastid GSPS [ 26].
We show that this superfamily, in addition to the well characterized P60-related peptidoglycan peptidases, includes divergent cell-wall hydrolases typified by AcmB/LytN, eukaryotic proteins such as LRAT, Egl-26 and their relatives, amidase domains of GSPSs, and several other uncharacterized bacterial proteins.
Two major subfamilies within this family, typified respectively by AcmB and S. aureus LytN, are predominantly restricted to the Gram-positive bacteria, and function as cell-wall hydrolases.
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