Words similar to hyaluronidases
Example sentences for: hyaluronidases
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Hyaluronidases Hyal-1 and Hyal-2 play a critical role in cancer invasion and metastasis [ 3 4 5 ] , although inactivation of HYAL1 gene has been shown in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas [ 17 ] . Hyal-1, also known as Luca-1, is a lysosomal enzyme that is secreted from cells.
Unlike somatic ubiquitous hyaluronidases that are active only at acidic pH [ 8 ] , SPAM1 has hyaluronidase activity at both neutral and acidic pHs, which arise from two different regions within the hyaluronidase domain [ 4 ] . The neutral enzyme activity, which is predominant in insoluble membrane-bound SPAM1, is necessary for sperm to penetrate the hyaluronic acid (HA)-rich extracellular matrix of the cumulus cells surrounding the oocyte.
The Sperm Adhesion Molecule 1 (SPAM1 or PH-20) is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked protein found on all mammalian spermatozoa that have been examined, and has been reported to play multiple roles in fertilization [ 1 ] . Although a recent gene targeting study indicates that in mice, which have four active non-somatic hyaluronidases, Spam1 is not essential for fertilization [ 2 ] ; this is unlikely to be the case in humans where SPAM1 is the only such hyaluronidase present.
In situ hybridization demonstrated that the transcript is localized in the principal cells, confirming its epithelial location, similar to that reported for the mouse [ 11 12 ] . It must be stressed that because the probes used in the hybridization were generated from the unique 3' UTR of SPAM1 cDNA the possibility of cross-hybridization to paralogous hyaluronidases is highly unlikely.
In this study, the novel function of the lysosomal hyaluronidases Hyal-1 and Hyal-2 in increasing cellular sensitivity to TNF cytotoxicity is reported.
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